The year 1754 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Astronomy

Immanuel Kant, German philosopher, postulates retardation of Earth's orbit.

Chemistry

Joseph Black, Scottish chemist, discovers carbonic acid gas which he called "fixed air"

Mathematics

John Joshua Kirby publishes the pamphlet Dr. Brook Taylor's Method of Perspective made Easy both in Theory and Practice containing William Hogarth's Satire on False Perspective.
Lagrange begins to work on the problem of tautochrone.

Physics

Václav Prokop Diviš, Czech theologian and natural scientist, develops a lightning rod for Vienna General Hospital, perhaps independently of Ben Franklin's invention.

Awards

Copley Medal: William Lewis

Births

24 January 1754, Birth of Andrew Ellicott in Buckingham, Pennsylvania, USA

March 15 - Archibald Menzies, Scottish surgeon and botanist (d. 1842)
May 6 - Thomas Coke, English agriculturalist and geneticist (d. 1842)
June 4 - Franz Xaver, Baron Von Zach, German astronomer (d. 1832)

13 June 1754, Birth of Baron János von Zachi in Pozsony .Bratislava, Slovakia
August 21 - William Murdoch, Scottish engineer and inventor (d. 1839)
September 26 - Joseph Proust, French chemist (d. 1826)

Deaths

February 5 - Nicolaas Kruik (Cruquius), Dutch cartographer and meteorologist (b. 1678)
April 9 - Christan Wolff, German philosopher, mathematician and scientist (b. 1679)
April 15 - Jacopo Riccati, Italian mathematician (b. 1676)
November 27 - Abraham de Moivre, French mathematician (b. 1667)