Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Tracheophyta
Divisio: Pteridophyta
Classis: Polypodiopsida
Ordo: Polypodiales
Familia: Pteridaceae
Subfamiliae: Cheilanthoideae – Cryptogrammiodeae – Parkerioideae – Pteridoideae – Vittarioideae
Genera
Acrostichum – Actiniopteris – Adiantopsis – Adiantum – Aleuritopteris – Ananthacorus – Anogramma – Antrophyopsis – Antrophyum – Argyrochosma – Aspidotis – Astrolepis – Austrogramme – Baja – Bommeria – Calciphilopteris – Ceratopteris – Cerosora – Cheilanthes – Cheiloplecton – Coniogramme – Cosentinia – Cryptogramma – Doryopteris – Gaga – Gastoniella – Haplopteris – Hecistopteris – Hemionitis – Jamesonia – Llavea – Lytoneuron – Mickelopteris – Mildella – Myriopteris – Notholaena – Oeosporangium – Onychium – Ormopteris – Paragymnopteris – Pellaea – Pentagramma – Pityrogramma – Polytaenium – Pteris – Pterozonium – Radiovittaria – Rheopteris – Scoliosorus – Syngramma – Taenitis – Trachypteris – Tryonia – Vaginularia – Vittaria
Source(s) of checklist:
CFLW
Name
Pteridaceae E.D.M.Kirchn. Schul-Bot.: 109 (1831).
Type genus: Pteris L. (1753).
Synonyms
Acrostichaceae Mett. ex A.B.Frank in J.Leunis, Syn. Pflanzenk., ed. 2, 3: 1453 (1874).
Actiniopteridaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 17: 5 (1962).
Type genus: Actiniopteris Link (1841).
Adiantaceae Newman, Hist. Brit. Ferns: 5 (1840), nom. cons.
Type genus: Adiantum L. (1753).
Antrophyaceae Ching, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16: 11 (1978).
Type genus: Antrophyum Kaulf. (1824).
Ceratopteridaceae Underw., Our Native Ferns, ed. 6: 65 (1900).
Type genus: Ceratopteris Brongn. (1822).
Cheilanthaceae B.K.Nayar, Taxon 19: 233 (1970).
Type genus: Cheilanthes Sw., nom. cons. (1806).
Cryptogrammaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 17: 299 (1963).
Type genus: Cryptogramma R.Br. (1823).
Cystodiaceae J.R.Croft, Kew Bull. 41: 797 (1986).
Type genus: Cystodium Sm. (1841), nom. cons.
Hemionitidaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 21: 487 (1966).
Type genus: Hemionitis L. (1753).
Lonchitidaceae
Negripteridaceae Pic.Serm., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., ser. 2, 53: 160 (1946).
Type genus: Negripteris Pic.Serm. (1946).
Parkeriaceae Hook., Exot. Fl. 2: ad t. 147 (1825), nom. rej.
Type genus: Parkeria Hook. (1825).
Platyzomataceae Nakai, Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 29: 4 (1950).
Type genus: Platyzoma R.Br. (1810).
Sinopteridaceae Koidz., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 3: 50 (1934), nom. rej.
Type genus: Sinopteris C.Chr. & Ching (1933)
Taenitidaceae Pic.Serm., Webbia 29: 1 (1975).
Type genus: Taenitis Willd. ex Schkuhr (1805).
Vittariaceae Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 210, 232 (1940).
Validated by a reference to Vittarieae C.Presl, Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 4, 5: 164 (1836)
Type genus: Vittaria Sm. (1793).
References
Additional references
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group (PPG I) 2016. A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 54(6): 563–603. DOI: 10.1111/jse.12229 Reference page.
Christenhusz, M.J.M., Zhang, X.-C. & Schneider, H. 2011. A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa 19: 7–54. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2 Open access. Reference page
Smith, A.R., Pryer, K.M., Schuettpelz, E., Korall, P., Schneider, H. & Wolf, P.G. 2006. A classification for extant ferns. Taxon 55(3): 705–731. DOI: 10.2307/25065646 JSTOR ResearchGate PDF. Reference page.
Reveal, J.L. 2010. A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants. Phytotaxa 6: 1–402. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.6.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Bouma, W.L.M., Ritchie, P. & Perrie, L.R. 2010. Phylogeny and generic taxonomy of the New Zealand Pteridaceae ferns from chloroplast rbcL DNA sequences. Australian Systematic Botany 23(3): 143–151. DOI: 10.1071/SB09047 Reference page.
Yesilyurt, J.C. & Schneider, H. 2010. The new fern genus Calciphilopteris (Pteridaceae). Phytotaxa 7: 52–59. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.7.1.7 Open access Reference page.
Vernacular names
中文: 凤尾蕨科
Pteridaceae is a family of ferns in the order Polypodiales,[2] including some 1150 known species in ca 45 genera[3] (depending on taxonomic opinions), divided over five subfamilies.[4] The family includes four groups of genera that are sometimes recognized as separate families: the adiantoid, cheilanthoid, pteridoid, and hemionitidoid ferns. Relationships among these groups remain unclear, and although some recent genetic analyses of the Pteridales suggest that neither the family Pteridaceae nor the major groups within it are all monophyletic, as yet these analyses are insufficiently comprehensive and robust to provide good support for a revision of the order at the family level.
Description
Members of Pteridaceae have creeping or erect rhizomes. The leaves are almost always compound and have linear sori that are typically on the margins of the leaves and lack a true indusium, typically being protected by a false indusium formed from the reflexed margin of the leaf.
Taxonomy
Smith et al. (2006) carried out the first higher-level pteridophyte classification published in the molecular phylogenetic era.[5] Smith referred to the ferns as monilophytes, dividing them into four groups. The vast majority of ferns were placed in the Polypodiopsida.
In 2016, the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group divided order Polypodiales into six suborders. Pteridaceae is the sole family in suborder Pteridiineae, with 52 genera. The suborder has the same circumscription as Smith et al. used for the family. The phylogenetic relationship between these six suborders is shown in this cladogram:[2]
| Polypodiales |
|
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The oldest fossil of the family is Heinrichsia from the early Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) aged Burmese amber of Myanmar, which cannot be assigned to modern grouping of the family. Molecular clock evidence suggests a diversification of the family during the Late Cretaceous.[6]
Traditional groups
Curtis's botanical magazine, Argyrochosma nivea var. tenera
As traditionally defined, the groups within Pteridaceae are as follows:
Adiantoid ferns (tribe Adianteae Gaudich. 1829[7]); epipetric, terrestrial or epiphytic in moist habitats, rachis often dichotomously branching; sori relatively small and discrete with sporangia born on the false indusium rather than the leaf blade proper; only one genus:
Adiantum L. – maidenhair ferns[8][9]
Cheilanthoid ferns; primarily epipetric in semiarid habitats; leaves mostly with well-developed scales or trichomes, often bipinnate or otherwise highly compound; sporangia mostly born in marginal sori with false indusia that are +/- continuous around the leaf margins; several genera, including:
Argyrochosma (J.Sm.) Windham – false cloak ferns
Aspidotis (Nutt. ex Hook.) Copel. – lace ferns
Astrolepis D.M.Benham & Windham – cloak ferns
Cheilanthes Sw. – lip ferns
Notholaena R.Br. – cloak ferns
Pellaea Link – cliff brakes[8][9]
Pteridoid ferns (tribe Pterideae J. Sm 1841[10]); terrestrial and epipetric in moist habitats; leaves mostly without prominent scales or trichomes, most often pinnate but sometimes more compound; sporangia born in marginal sori with false indusia that are +/- continuous around the leaf margins; several genera, including:
Pteris L. – brakes
Onychium Kaulf.[8][9]
Parkerioid ferns (tribe Parkerieae Brongn. 1843[11]); aquatic in swamps and/or mangroves, including:
Acrostichum L. – leather ferns
Ceratopteris Brongn.[8][9]
Hemionitidoid ferns; terrestrial, epipetric or epiphytic in moist or semiarid habitats; leaves simple, pinnate, or more compound; sporangia born in linear non-marginal, exindusiate sori or sometimes in marginal sori; several genera, including:
Anogramma Link
Cryptogramma R.Br. – rock brakes
Eriosorus Fée
Hemionitis L.
Jamesonia Hook. & Grev.
Pityrogramma Link – gold ferns[8][9]
Vittarioid ferns (tribe Vittarieae C. Presl 1836[12]); primarily epiphytic in tropical regions and all have simple leaves with sori that follow the veins and lack true indusia:
Anetium Splitg. 1840
Antrophyum Kaulf. 1875
Hecistopteris (L.) Sm. 1842
Monogramma Comm. ex Schkuhr 1809
Vittaria (L.) Sm. 1793 – Shoestring fern
Subfamilies
Based on phylogenetic research, Christenhusz et al. (2011) divided the Pteridaceae genera into five subfamilies.[13] These roughly correspond with the groups listed above, with the main difference being that adiantoid and vittarioid ferns are combined under the Vittarioideae subfamily name. The approach was followed by the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).[2]
Cryptogrammoideae S.Linds.
(=) Cryptogrammaceae Pic. Serm.
Genera: Coniogramme, Cryptogramma, Llavea
Parkerioideae (J.Sm.) R.M.Tryon
(=) Ceratopteridoideae
(=) Parkeriaceae Hook.
(=) Ceratopteridaceae Underw.
Genera: Acrostichum, Ceratopteris
Pteridoideae C.Chr. ex Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel
Genera: Actiniopteris, Anogramma, Austrogramme, Cerosora, Cosentinia, Gastoniella, Jamesonia (incl. Eriosorus and Nephopteris), Onychium, Pityrogramma, Pteris (incl. Neurocallis & Platyzoma), Pterozonium, Syngramma, Taenitis, Tryonia
Cheilanthoideae W.C.Shieh
(=) Cheilanthaceae B.K. Nayar
Genera: Adiantopsis, Aleuritopteris, Allosorus, Argyrochosma, Aspidotis, Astrolepis, Bommeria, Calciphilopteris, Cheilanthes, Cheiloplecton, Doryopteris, Gaga, Hemionitis, Lytoneuron, Mildella, Myriopteris, Notholaena, Ormopteris, Paragymnopteris, Parahemionitis, Pellaea, Pentagramma, Trachypteris
Vittarioideae (C.Presl) Crabbe, Jermy & Mickel
(=) Adiantoideae (C.Presl) R.M.Tryon
(=) Adiantaceae Newman
Genera: Adiantum, Ananthacorus, Antrophyopsis, Antrophyum, Haplopteris, Hecistopteris, Polytaenium, Radiovittaria, Rheopteris, Scoliosorus, Vaginularia, Vittaria
Phylogenic relationships
The following phylogram, showing the relationships between the subfamilies listed above, is based on Schuettpelz & Pryer (2008).[14][15]
| Pteridaceae |
|
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Distribution and habitat
Mostly terrestrial or epipetric (growing on rock).
References
"Family: Pteridaceae E. D. M. Kirchn". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2001-08-14. Archived from the original on 2012-05-27. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group 2016.
Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
Christenhusz, M. J. M. & Chase, M. W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
Smith et al. 2006.
Regalado, Ledis; Schmidt, Alexander R.; Müller, Patrick; Niedermeier, Lisa; Krings, Michael; Schneider, Harald (July 2019). "Heinrichsia cheilanthoides gen. et sp. nov., a fossil fern in the family Pteridaceae (Polypodiales) from the Cretaceous amber forests of Myanmar". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 57 (4): 329–338. doi:10.1111/jse.12514. ISSN 1674-4918.
Adianteae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
"Pteridaceae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
"GRIN Genera of Pteridaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
Pterideae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
Parkerieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
Vittarieae Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. 14 Jan 2012
Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.; Zhang, Xian-Chun; Schneider, Harald (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 19: 7–54. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2. ISSN 1179-3163.
Schuettpelz & Pryer (2008) "Fern phylogeny" in Biology and Evolution of Ferns and Lycophytes[permanent dead link], ed. Tom A. Ranker and Christopher H. Haufler. Cambridge University Press 2008
Schuettpelz et al. (2007) Archived 2008-08-20 at the Wayback Machine Eric Schuettpelz, Harald Schneider, Layne Huiet, Michael D. Windham, Kathleen M. Pryer: "A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: Assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 44 (2007) 1172–1185
Bibliography
Chase, Mark W.; Reveal, James L. (2009). "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 122–127. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.01002.x.
Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Zhang, X. C.; Schneider, H. (18 February 2011). "A linear sequence of extant families and genera of lycophytes and ferns". Phytotaxa. 19 (1): 7. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.2.
Christenhusz, Maarten J.M.; Chase, Mark W. (2014). "Trends and concepts in fern classification". Annals of Botany. 113 (4): 571–594. doi:10.1093/aob/mct299. PMC 3936591. PMID 24532607.
Christenhusz, Maarten JM & Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
Lehtonen, Samuli (2011). "Towards Resolving the Complete Fern Tree of Life". PLoS ONE. 6 (10): e24851. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024851. PMC 3192703. PMID 22022365.
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Smith, Alan R.; Pryer, Kathleen M.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Korall, Petra; Schneider, Harald; Wolf, Paul G. Fern classification (PDF). pp. 417–467., in Ranker & Haufler (2008)
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Australian National Botanic Gardens. A classification of the ferns and their allies
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