Polystichum setiferum , Photo: Michael Lahanas
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Tracheophyta
Divisio: Pteridophyta
Classis: Polypodiopsida
Ordo: Polypodiales
Familia: Dryopteridaceae
Genus: Polystichum
Species: Polystichum setiferum
Name
Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) T.Moore ex Woyn., Mitt. Naturwiss. Vereines Steiermark 49: 181 (1913).
Synonyms
Basionym
Polypodium setiferum Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 185 (1775).
Homotypic
Dryopteris setifera (Forssk.) Woynar ex Schinz & Thell., Vierteljahrsschr. Naturf. Ges. Zürich 60: 340 (1915).
Polystichum setiferum (Forssk.) Rosend., Ark. för Bot. 14(14) 1 c. tab. (1916), nom. superfl.
Polystichum aculeatum subsp. setiferum (Forssk.) Nordh., Norsk Fl.: 12 (1940).
Heterotypic
Aspidium angulare Kit. ex Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 5: 257 (1810).
Polypodium angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 1: 20 (1832).
Polystichum angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) C.Presl, Tent. Pterid.: 83 (1836).
Polystichum aculeatum var. angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 21 (1843)
Aspidium aculeatum var. angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) H.C.Watson, London Catal. Brit. Pl.: 14 (1844).
Polystichum aculeatum var. angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) C.Presl ex Bedd., Ferns South. India, t. 121 (1865), nom. superfl.
Aspidium lobatum var. angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) Mett., Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips.: 88 (1856)
Aspidium aculeatum subsp. angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) Hook.f., Student. Fl. Brit. Isl. 465 (1870)
Aspidium aculeatum var. angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) D.C.Eaton, Rep. U. S. Geogr. Surv., Wheeler 6(Botany): 336 (1878), nom. superfl.
Aspidium aculeatum subsp. angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. It. 810 (1882), nom. superfl.
Dryopteris aculeata subsp. angularis (Kit. ex Willd.) Schinz & R.Keller, Fl. Suisse: 7 (1908).
Polystichum aculeatum subsp. angulare (Kit. ex Willd.) Vollm., Fl. Bayern: 9 (1914)-
Dryopteris setifera subsp. angularis (Kit. ex Willd.) Maire in Jahandiez & Maire, Cat. Pl. Maroc: 3 (1931).
Aspidium hastulatum Ten., Atti Real Ist. Incoragg. Sci. Nat. Napoli 5: 149 (1830).
Hypopeltis hastulata (Ten.) Tod., Giorn. Sci. Nat. Econ. Palermo 1: 237 (1866).
Aspidium aculeatum var. hastulatum (Ten.) Christ, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 24(1): 113 (1897).
Aspidium aculeatum var. swartzianum W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv., ed. 2 3: 976 (1845).
Aspidium aculeatum subsp. swartzianum (W.D.J.Koch) Čelak., Anal. Kvet. Ceská ed. 2: 72 (1887).
Distribution
Native distribution areas:
Continental: Europe
Regional: Northern Europe
Great Britain, Ireland.
Regional: Middle Europe
Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia (introduced), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
Regional: Southwestern Europe
Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia (Montenegro, Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia & Kosovo, Slovenia).
Regional: Eastern Europe
Krym.
Continental: Africa
Regional: Northern Africa
Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia.
Regional: Macaronesia
Azores (Santa Maria, Sao Miguel, Terceira, Graciosa, Sao Jorge, Pico, Faial, Flores, Corvo), Canary Islands (Tenerife, La Gomera, La Palma, Hierro), Madeira (Madeira).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: Caucasus
North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (Azerbaijan, Gruziya).
Regional: Western Asia
Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Turkey.
References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references
Woynar, H.K. 1913. Bemerkungen über Farnpflanzen Steiermarks. Mitteilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines für Steiermark 49: 120–200. BHL Reference page.
Links
Hassler, M. 2020. Polystichum setiferum – World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World . In: Roskov Y., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi J. & Penev L. (eds.) 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Apr 06.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Polystichum setiferum in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Apr 06. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Polystichum setiferum. Published online. Accessed: Apr 06 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Polystichum setiferum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 06 Apr 2020.
Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Polystichum setiferum in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2022 Jul 18.
Tela Botanica (ed.) 2000 onwards: Tela Botanica. Le réseau de la botanique francophone. eFlore. Polystichum setiferum. Association Tela Botanica, Montpellier, France. Accessed: 2022 Jul 18.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Polystichum setiferum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.
Hand, R., Thieme, M. & collborators 2022. Florenliste von Deutschland – Gefäßpflanzen, Version 12. Founded by Karl Peter Buttler, January 2022, published on the internet (http://www.kp-buttler.de).
Vernacular names
English: Soft Shield Fern
Nederlands: Zachte naaldvaren
Polystichum setiferum, the soft shield fern,[1] is an evergreen or semi-evergreen fern native to southern and western Europe. The stalks and most midribs are coated with attractive cinnamon-brown scales.[2] The Latin specific epithet setiferum means “with bristles”.[3]
Distribution
It is most abundant in Ireland, southwestern Great Britain, western France and northwest Iberia, where it benefits from the combination of mild winters and moist summers, but also occurs more locally north to northern Scotland and east to the Crimea and Turkey; in the Mediterranean it usually grows at high altitudes. It grows in woodlands, often but not always on steep slopes.
Description
Close-up of new leaf
The fern's bright green fronds are 30–120 cm (12–47 in) long, usually drooping downslope, with typically four to ten fronds on a mature plant. The fronds are soft-textured, bipinnate (single-pinnate on small, young plants), with the pinnae opposite on the stalk. Each pinna is 4–14 cm (2–6 in) long, with a large upward-pointing pinnule at the base, and the other pinnules decreasing in size toward the pinna tip; the pinnules have softly bristly tips. Individual fronds remain lush and fresh-looking throughout the season. They live for nine to fifteen months and remain attached to the rhizome after withering. The round sori occupy two rows on either side of the midrib of each pinnule and are covered by a centrally-attached, umbrella-like indusium with fringed edges. They produce light yellow spores.
Cultivation
Polystichum setiferum is frequently cultivated as an ornamental plant for use in gardens. There are many cultivars available: over 300 have been described although most are no longer in cultivation or not considered sufficiently distinct for an individual name.[4] The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit:[5]
Divisilobum Group[6]
’Divisilobum Densum’[7]
‘Divisilobum Iveryanum’[8]
‘Herrenhausen’[9]
Plumosomultilobum Group[10]
References
BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
"Polystichum setiferum (Soft Field Fern)". Gardenia.net. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
Harrison, Lorraine (2012). RHS Latin for Gardeners. United Kingdom: Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 978-1845337315.
Rickard 2000, p. 146
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 81. Retrieved 9 May 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Polystichum setiferum Divisilobum Group". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Polystichum setiferum (Divisilobum Group) 'Divisilobum Densum'". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Polystichum setiferum (Divisilobum Group) 'Divisilobum Iveryanum'". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Polystichum setiferum (Divisilobum Group) 'Herrenhausen'". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
"RHS Plantfinder - Polystichum setiferum Plumosomultilobum Group". Retrieved 9 May 2018.
Further reading
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Polystichum setiferum.
Wikispecies has information related to Polystichum setiferum.
Flora Europaea: Polystichum setiferum
Hyde, H. A., Wade, A. E., & Harrison, S. G. (1978). Welsh Ferns. National Museum of Wales.
Rickard, Martin (2000). The Plantfinder's Guide to Garden Ferns. David & Charles
Dyce, J. W. (2005). Polystichum Cultivars: Variation in the British Shield Ferns. British Pteridological Society
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