Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Divisio: Tracheophyta
Divisio: Pteridophyta
Classis: Equisetopsida
Ordo: Equisetales
Familia: Equisetaceae
Genus: Equisetum
Subgenus: E. subg. Hippochaete
Species: Equisetum scirpoides
Name
Equisetum scirpoides Michx., 1803.
Synonyms
Equisetum hiemale var. tenellum Liljeb.
Equisetum reptans Wahlenb.
Equisetum scirpoides var. alpestre Rosend.
Equisetum scirpoides var. caespitosum Rosend.
Equisetum scirpoides var. elatum Rosend.
Equisetum scirpoides var. minus G.Lawson
Equisetum scirpoides var. pedunculatum Rosend.
Equisetum scirpoides var. ramulosum Rosend.
Equisetum setaceum Vauch.
Equisetum tenellum A.A.Eat.
Hippochaete scirpoides (Michx.) Farw.
Hippochaete scirpoides (Michx.) Rothm.
Distribution
Native distribution areas:
Continental: Eurasia
+Austria, +Finland, Norway, Spitsbergen, Sweden, Siberia (W-Siberia, C-Siberia, Novaya Zemlja), Russian Far East (incl. Kamchatka), Japan, N-, C- & E-European Russia, Latvia, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China (Nei Mongol, Xinjiang), North Korea
Continental: Northern America
Alaska, USA (Connecticut, Iowa, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, North Dakota, New Hampshire, New York, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington State, Wisconsin, Wyoming), Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Labrador, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Northern Territories, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon), Greenland, St. Pierre et Miquelon
References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references
Michaux, A. 1803. Flora Boreali-Americana: sistens caracteres plantarum quas in America septentrionali collegit et detexit Andreas Michaux. Vol. 2. 340 pp. Parisiis et Argentorati [Paris & Strasbourg]: fratres Levrault. BHL Reference page. : 2: 281.
Links
Hassler, M. 2020. Equisetum scirpoides – World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World . In: Roskov Y., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi J. & Penev L. (eds.) 2020. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2020 Apr 17.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Equisetum scirpoides in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Apr 17. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Equisetum scirpoides. Published online. Accessed: Apr 17 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Equisetum scirpoides. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 17 Apr 2020.
Vernacular names
English: dwarf scouring rush, dwarf Horsetail
eesti: Alssosi
suomi: Hentokorte
français: Prêle faux-scirpe
norsk nynorsk: Dvergsnelle
norsk: Dvergsnelle
Equisetum scirpoides (dwarf scouring rush or dwarf horsetail) Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 281 (1803). 2 n = 216. The smallest of the currently occurring representatives of the genus Equisetum (horsetail).
The smallest Equisetum, E. scirpoides has circumpolar distribution. Plants create compact and dense clumps, reaching a maximum height of about 30 cm. The assimilation and generative shoots are identical and grow together. The leaves reduced to a black sheath around the stem. The stems are green, unbranched, thick and about 1 mm with six ribs. The generative shoots with small cones dying after sowing the spores. The nodes occur at approximately 1 – 3 cm. The leaves are very small to about 1 mm, and arranged in around nodes. The corms are thin, yellow and brown. The roots very fine, black and densely surpassing the ground. Species grows best in the mud at the depth zone from 0 to 3 cm. Specimens reproduce primarily by vegetative division. Equisetum scirpoides is hardy and semi-evergreen. This species is quite a popular decorative plant seen in garden ponds, ornamental gardens and assumptions in nearly the whole world. E. scirpoides was discovered and described by French botanist André Michaux. Detailed studies were conducted by the American botanist Oliver Atkins Farwell.[1]
Name
Equisetum, from the Latin, equus, "horse", and seta, "bristle, animal hair". Scirpoides, from the Latin, scirpus, "rush, bulrush". Scouring Rush, a reference to its early use for cleaning pots, made possible by its high silica content. Other common names include dwarf horsetail, sedge horsetail, prele faux-scirpe (Qué), tradfräken (Swe), dvergsnelle (Nor), trad-padderok (Dan), hentokorte (Fin), dwergholpijp (NL), himedokusa (Jpn), skrzyp arktyczny (PL).
Distribution
Austria, Finland, Norway, Spitsbergen, Sweden, Greenland, St. Pierre & MiqueIon, Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, N.W.Territories, Nunavut, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isl., Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon), Alaska, USA (Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New York, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin), W-Siberia, C-Siberia, E-Siberia, Amur, Ussuri, Japan, Novaja Zemlja, Kamchatka, N-European Russia, Lithuania, Estonia, C-European Russia, E-European Russia.
Subspecies
Within Equisetum scirpoides there are two subspecies :
Equisetum scirpoides ssp. scirpoides (A. Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 281. 1803)
Hippochaete scirpoides (Michaux, Farwell) - Main subspecies, grows up to about 30 cm. Low, slender, wiry, unbranched stems. Stems erect or prostrate, hollow, segmented, rough surfaced, green. Internodes about 4 apart with segments marked by ashy grey bands. Sterile and fertile stems alike. Twisting and wiry in form, branching rare. Sheaths tiny, 1 - 2.5 mm × 0.75 - 1.5 mm, with three teeth, dark with white margins. Cones usually 1 long with sharp pointed tips, borne on short stalks at the tips of fertile stems. Spores green, spheric. Rootstalk shiny black, creeping, freely branching, and wide spreading. Roots black to very dark brown.
Equisetum scirpoides ssp. walkowiaki (R. J. Walkowiak, IEA Paper 2008)
Equisetum scirpoides (ssp.) minus (Lawson, Milde) - Smaller subspecies, grows up to about 15 cm. The botanical characteristics identical with the main subspecies. Often seen primarily as an ornamental plant in Japan. Subspecies described by Scottish botanist George Lawson and eminent German botanist Carl August Julius Milde, but without a proper taxonomic name, which gave the Polish botanist Radosław Janusz Walkowiak (subsp. walkowiaki).
Identification
Identifiable as a horsetail by the upright, hollow, jointed, cylindrical stems with inconsequential and easily overlooked leaves. Distinguished from other horsetails by its low, slender, wiry, unbranched stems and its small size. This is the smallest living horsetail. Field marks, diminutive size, low, slender, wiry, unbranched stems.
See also
Fern
Equisetum
References
[1] The International Plant Names Index (IPNI)
Michael Hassler and Brian Swale, Equisetum species in the World – Equisetum (Horsetail) Taxonomy.
Michael Hassler and Bernd Schmitt, Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World – Equisetum Species Taxonomy.
Hauke, R. L. 1963, A taxonomic monograph of the genus Equisetum subgenus Hippochaete. Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia 8: 1–123.
Pigott, Anthony 2001, National Collection of Equisetum – "Summary of Equisetum Taxonomy". Archived from the original on 2012-10-21.. Version of 2001-OCT-04. Retrieved 2008-NOV-20.
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