Schisandraceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Ordo: Austrobaileyales
Familia: Schisandraceae
Genera: Illicium – Kadsura – Schisandra
Name

Schisandraceae Blume 1830, nom. cons.
Synonyms

Illiciaceae A.C. Sm. 1947 nom. cons.
Kadsuraceae Radogizky 1849

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141(4): 399–436. DOI: 10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x Open access Reference page.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2): 105–121. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x Open access Reference page.
Blume, C.L. 1830. Fl. Javae 32-33: 3.
Přir. Rostlin 2(72): 288. 1825
Radogizky (1849) Zurn. Sadov. 6: 8, 10.
Stevens, P.F. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and more or less continuously updated since]. Online. Reference page.

Vernacular names
العربية: شزندرية
català: Esquisandràcies
Deutsch: Sternanisgewächse
English: Magnolia-vine family
español: Esquisandráceas
فارسی: بادیان‌های ستاره‌ای
suomi: Palsamiköynnöskasvit
français: Schisandracées
hrvatski: Šisandrovke
日本語: マツブサ科
한국어: 오미자과
kurdî: Famîleya stêrawayan
lietuvių: Citrinvytiniai
norsk: Kadsurafamilien
polski: Cytryńcowate
русский: Лимонниковые
Tiếng Việt: Họ Ngũ vị tử
中文: 五味子科

Schisandraceae is a family of flowering plants with 3 known genera and a total of 92 known species.[2][3] Such a family has been recognized by most taxonomists, at least for the past several decades. Before that, the plants concerned were assigned to family Magnoliaceae and Illiciaceae.

The APG IV and APG III systems of taxonomy recognize this family and place it on the order Austrobaileyales.[2][3]

The APG II system, of 2003, also recognizes such a family. It places the family in order Austrobaileyales, which in turn is accepted as being among the most basic lineages in the clade angiosperms. APG II assumes this to be a family of three genera, the Schisandraceae sensu lato. This family consists of woody plants, containing essential oils.

However, APG II does allow the option of segregating the genus Illicium as the family Illiciaceae. This leaves only two genera in the family Schisandraceae sensu stricto, consisting of Schisandra and Kadsura, totalling several dozen species, which are found in tropical to temperate regions of East and Southeast Asia and North America.[4][5][6]

The APG system, of 1998, recognized both the families Schisandraceae sensu stricto and Illiciaceae, unplaced as to order. It regarded both families as being among the most basic lineages in the clade angiosperms.

The Cronquist system, of 1981, treated the plants in the family (in its wider sense) as two separate families, which together constituted

the order Illiciales,

in subclass Magnoliidae,

in class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons],

of division Magnoliophyta [=angiosperms].

Genera

Image	Genus	Living species
	Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss., 1810	Kadsura acsmithii - Borneo Kadsura angustifolia - Guangxi, Vietnam Kadsura borneensis - Sabah Kadsura celebica - Sulawesi Kadsura coccinea - S China, N Indochina Kadsura heteroclita - China, Indian Subcontinent, Indochina, Borneo, Sumatra Kadsura induta - Yunnan, Guangxi, Vietnam Kadsura japonica - Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan Kadsura lanceolata - Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Maluku Kadsura longipedunculata - China Kadsura marmorata - Borneo, Philippines Kadsura oblongifolia - Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan Kadsura philippinensis - Philippines Kadsura renchangiana - Guangxi Kadsura scandens - Pen Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Bali Kadsura verrucosa - Laos, Vietnam, Pen Malaysia, Sumatra, Java
	Illicium L., 1759	Illicium angustisepalum - S China Illicium anisatum – Japan, South Korea, Taiwan Illicium arborescens - Taiwan Illicium brevistylum - Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan Illicium burmanicum - Yunnan, Myanmar Illicium cubense - Cuba Illicium difengpi - Guangxi Illicium dunnianum - S China Illicium floridanum- United States (FL GA AL MS LA) Illicium griffithii - Tibet, Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh Illicium guajaibonense - Cuba Illicium henryi - S China Illicium jiadifengpi - S China Illicium lanceolatum - S China Illicium leiophyllum - Hong Kong Illicium macranthum - Yunnan Illicium majus - S China, Vietnam, Myanmar Illicium merrillianum - Yunnan, Myanmar Illicium mexicanum - Veracruz Illicium micranthum - Yunnan Illicium modestum - Yunnan Illicium pachyphyllum - Guangxi Illicium parviflorum – yellow anise - United States (FL GA SC) Illicium petelotii - Yunnan, Vietnam Illicium philippinense - Philippines, Taiwan Illicium simonsii - S China, Assam, Myanmar Illicium tashiroi - Taiwan, Nansei-shoto Illicium tenuifolium - Vietnam Illicium ternstroemioides - Fujian, Hainan Illicium tsaii - Yunnan Illicium verum – star anise, Chinese star-anise, staranise tree - Guangxi Illicium wardii - Yunnan, Myanmar
	Schisandra Michx., 1803	Schisandra arisanensis - S China incl Taiwan Schisandra bicolor - Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Zhejiang Schisandra chinensis - Russian Far East, NE China, Korea, Japan Schisandra elongata - Java Schisandra glabra - Hidalgo, United States (LA AR MS AL TN KY GA FL SC NC) Schisandra glaucescens - Chongqing, Hubei Schisandra grandiflora - Tibet, Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Uttarakhand Schisandra henryi - S China Schisandra incarnata - Hubei Schisandra lancifolia - Sichuan, Yunnan Schisandra longipes - Guangdong, Guangxi Schisandra macrocarpa - Yunnan Schisandra micrantha - Manipur, Yunnan, Myanmar Schisandra neglecta - Sikkim, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Myanmar, Yunnan Schisandra parapropinqua - Guizhou, Yunnan Schisandra perulata - Thailand, Vietnam Schisandra plena - Arunachal Pradesh, Yunnan Schisandra propinqua - China, Assam, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Java, Bali Schisandra pubescens - Sichuan, Hubei Schisandra pubinervis - Hubei, Sichuan Schisandra repanda - Korea, Japan Schisandra rubriflora - Arunachal Pradesh, Yunnan, Myanmar, Sichuan Schisandra sphaerandra - Sichuan, Yunnan Schisandra sphenanthera - China Schisandra tomentella - Sichuan

Pollination

Schisandaceae are pollinated predominantly by nocturnal gall midges that lay their eggs in the male and female flowers (in Schisandraceae species with unisexual flowers) or the male-stage and female-stage flowers (in species with bisexual flowers). The larvae of these midges develop in the floral tissue once it has dropped to the ground, feeding on floral exudates (not ovules or pollen).
References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385. ISSN 0024-4074.
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. ISSN 0024-4074.
"Kadsura, Schisandra Distribution Pages". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
Saunders, Richard M. K. (March 20, 2000). "Systematic Botany Monographs". The American Society of Plant Taxonomists. 58 (Monograph of Schisandra (Schisandraceae)).

Saunders, Richard M. K. (June 22, 1998). "Systematic Botany Monographs". The American Society of Plant Taxonomists. 54 (Monograph of Kadsura (Schisandraceae)).

External links

Schisandraceae [sensu stricto] in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards) The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. Version: 3 May 2006. http://delta-intkey.com.
Schisandraceae [sensu stricto] in the Flora of North America
NCBI Taxonomy Browser [Schisandraceae sensu lato]
Nianhe Xia; Yuhu Liu & Richard M. K. Saunders (2008). "Schisandraceae". In Wu Zhengyi (吴征镒); Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan (洪德元) (eds.). Flora of China. Vol. 7. p. 39.
Luo, S-X., L-J. Zhang, S. Yuan, Z-H. Ma, D-X. Zhang, and S. S. Renner. 2018. The largest early-diverging angiosperm family is mostly pollinated by ovipositing insects and so are most surviving lineages of early angiosperms. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 285: 20172365; doi:10.1098/rspb.2017.2365