Galinsoga parviflora

Continental: Northern America
Mexico (Aguascalientes, Baja California Sur, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Colima, Ciudad de Mexico, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico State, Michoacan, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosi, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz, Yucatan, Zacatecas)
Continental: Southern America
Colombia (Antioquia, Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Nariño, Putumayo, Santander, Tolima), Venezuela (Distrito Federal, Falcon, Lara, Merida, Miranda), SE-Brazil (Sao Paulo), Argentina (Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Cordoba, Corrientes, Distrito Federal, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, Santiago del Estero, Santa Fe, San Juan, San Luis, Tucuman), S-Brazil (Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina), Chile (Tarapaca, Antofagasta, Atacama, Coquimbo, Valparaiso, O'Higgins, Maule, Bio Bio, Araucania, Los Lagos, Juan Fdz. Isl., Reg. Metropolitana), Paraguay (Central, Guaira), Uruguay (Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Lavalleja, Montevideo), Bolivia (Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Pando, Potosí, Santa Cruz, Tarija), Ecuador, Peru, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Martinique)

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Cav., Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum 3(2): 41–42, pl. 281. 1794[1795–1796]

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Galinsoga parviflora. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 23. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Galinsoga parviflora. Published online. Accessed: Feb. 23 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Galinsoga parviflora in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Feb. 23.
Tropicos.org 2018. Galinsoga parviflora. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 23 Feb. 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Galinsoga parviflora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.
Galinsoga parviflora – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Galinsoga parviflora – Taxon details on Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).

Vernacular names
azərbaycanca: Xırdaçiçək qalinsoqa
čeština: pěťour maloúborný, pěťour malokvětý
Cymraeg: Galinsoga
dansk: Håret Kortstråle
Deutsch: Kleinblütiges Knopfkraut, Kleinblütiges Franzosenkraut, Franzosenkraut
English: gallant-soldier, potato weed
español: Guascas, Cundinamarca y Boyacá, Pajarito, Sogamoso y oriente de Boyacá, albahaca silvestre, saetilla, pacoyuyu fino, estrellita, mercurial
eesti: Paljas võõrkakar
suomi: Tarhasaurikki
français: Galinsoga à petites fleurs
magyar: Kicsiny gombvirág
italiano: galinsoga comune
日本語: コゴメギク
lietuvių: Smulkiažiedė galinsoga
Nederlands: Kaal knopkruid
polski: Żółtlica drobnokwiatowa
português: picão branco, botão de ouro, fazendeiro
română: Busuiocul dracului
slovenčina: žltnica maloúborová
Seeltersk: Frantsoosenkruud
svenska: Gängel
தமிழ்: மூக்குத்தி
українська: Галінсога дрібноквіткова, Незбутниця, Галінзога дрібноквіткова, Tridax parviflora
中文（简体）: 牛膝菊
中文（繁體）: 牛膝菊
中文: 牛膝菊

Galinsoga parviflora[4] is a herbaceous plant in the Asteraceae (daisy) family. It has several common names including guasca (Colombia), mielcilla (Costa Rica), piojito (Oaxaca, Mexico), galinsoga (New Zealand), gallant soldier,[5][6] quickweed,[6] and potato weed (United Kingdom, United States).

History

Galinsoga parviflora was brought from Peru to Kew Gardens in 1796, and later escaped to the wild in Great Britain and Ireland, being temporarily known as the 'Kew Weed'.[7] The plant is named after the Spanish botanist Ignacio Mariano Martinez de Galinsoga. The species name 'parviflora' translates to 'having small flowers'.[8] In Britain, its name Galinsoga is sometimes popularly rendered as "gallant soldiers", and then sometimes altered to "soldiers of the Queen". In Malawi, where the plant is naturalised, it is known as 'Mwamuna aligone' which translates to 'My husband is sleeping'.[7]
Description

Galinsoga parviflora grows to a height of 75 cm (30 in). It is a branched herb with opposite stalked leaves, toothed at the margins. The flowers are in small heads. The 3–8 white ray-florets are about 10 mm (1⁄2 in) long and 3-lobed. The central disc florets are yellow and tubular.[9][10]
Distribution

The species is native to South America, however it is widely naturalised in other countries.[11][12] There are a few records of G. parviflora and G. ciliata in Northern Ireland.[13] It has been naturalized elsewhere, including North America and Australasia.[14][10][15][16][excessive citations]
Uses

In Colombia it is used as an herb in the soup ajiaco.[1] It can also be used as an ingredient in leaf salads, although its subtle flavour, reminiscent of artichoke, mostly develops after being cooked. In eastern Africa, the plant is collected from the wild, and its leaves, stem and flowers eaten. It is also dried and ground into powder for use in soups.[17]
References

B & T World Seeds, Tridax parviflora (Galinsoga parviflora) in Profile includes photo plus recipe for soup containing this plant as an ingredient
Tropicos, Galinsoga parviflora Cav.
The Plant List, Galinsoga parviflora Cav.
Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture – Horticulture Pages – Weeds – Index of names
BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Galinsoga parviflora". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
Mabey, Richard; Lovett Jones, Gareth; Gibbons, Bob (1996). Flora Britannica : supported by common ground. Chatto & Windus. ISBN 1856193772. OCLC 805221553.
Gordon, Sue (2007-01-01). Plant names explained : botanical terms and their meaning. David & Charles. ISBN 9780715321881. OCLC 471017850.
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968 Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-04656-4
Flora of China, Galinsoga parviflora Cavanilles, 1795. 牛膝菊 niu xi ju
"Galinsoga parviflora (Gallant-soldier) | Online Atlas of the British and Irish Flora". www.brc.ac.uk. Retrieved 2017-05-16.
http://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/25299
Hackney, P. (Ed.) 1992. Stewart & Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland. Third Edition. ISBN 0-85389-446-9
Flora of North America, Galinsoga parviflora Cavanilles, 1795.
Atlas of Living Australia
Altervista Flora Italiana, Galinsoga parviflora Cav. includes photos, European distribution map

Pieroni, Andrea (2005). Prance, Ghillean; Nesbitt, Mark (eds.). The Cultural History of Plants. Routledge. p. 31. ISBN 0415927463.

External links

Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). "Galinsoga parviflora". African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.
Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Brazil in 1987
Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Dominican Republic in 2006