Euphorbia epithymoides

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Euphorbiaceae
Subfamilia: Euphorbioideae
Tribus: Euphorbieae
Subtribus: Euphorbiinae
Genus: Euphorbia
Subgenus: E. subg. Esula
Sectio: E. sect. Helioscopia
Species: Euphorbia epithymoides
Name

Euphorbia epithymoides L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2: 656 (1762).
Synonyms

Homotypic
Galarhoeus epithymoides (L.) Haw., Syn. Pl. Succ.: 147 (1812).
Pythius epithymoides (L.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 116 (1838).
Tithymalus epithymoides (L.) Klotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 79 (1860).
Heterotypic
Euphorbia lingulata Heuff., Flora 18: 249 (1835).
Tithymalus fragifer Klotzsch & Garcke, Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1859: 79 (1860).
Euphorbia jacquinii Fenzl ex Boiss. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 136 (1862).
Euphorbia villosa Friv. ex Boiss. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(2): 125 (1862), nom. inval., pro syn.
Euphorbia fragifera Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 593 (1866), nom. illeg.
Euphorbia polychroma A.Kern., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 395 (1875).
Euphorbia epithymoides subsp. lingulata (Heuff.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 649 (1881).
Euphorbia epithymoides var. polychroma (A.Kern.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 649 (1881).
Euphorbia polychroma var. microsperma Murb., Acta Univ. Lund. 27(5): 41 (1891).
Euphorbia epithymoides var. jacquinii Fiori in A.Fiori & al., Fl. Italia 2: 277 (1901).
Euphorbia epithymoides var. glaberrima H.Lindb., Öfvers. Finska Vetensk.-Soc. Förh. 48(13): 69 (1906).
Euphorbia polychroma f. denticulata Rohlena, Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 8: 110 (1910 publ. 1911).
Euphorbia polychroma f. longifolia Beck, Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 32: 89 (1920).
Euphorbia polychroma subsp. microsperma (Murb.) Beck, Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 32: 89 (1920).
Euphorbia microsperma (Murb.) K.Malý, Ann. Inst. Biol. Sarajevo 1(2): 41 (1949).
Tithymalus epithymoides var. microspermus (Murb.) Soják, Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 172 (1972).
Tithymalus jacquinii (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Soják, Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 140: 173 (1972).
Tithymalus lingulatus (Heuff.) Soják, Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 110: 173 (1972).
Euphorbia polychroma subsp. lingulata (Heuff.) Soó, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 85: 441 (1974).
Euphorbia epithymoides f. glabrescens Rostanski, Fragm. Florist. Geobot. 22: 297 (1976).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
Regional: Northern Europe
Finland, Sweden (introduced)
Regional: Middle Europe
Austria, Czechoslovakia (introduced), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands.
Regional: Southeastern Europe
Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti (in error), Romania, Yugoslavia.
Regional: Eastern Europe
Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
Regional: Northern Africa
Libya.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: Western Asia
Turkey.
Continental: Northern America
Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
New Jersey, Vermont (introduced).

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1762. Species Plantarum, ed. 2, Tomus I: 656. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Euphorbia epithymoides in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 27. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Euphorbia epithymoides. Published online. Accessed: Jun 27 2020.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Euphorbia epithymoides in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jun 27. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2020. Euphorbia epithymoides. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 27 Jun 2020.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Euphorbia epithymoides in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

Vernacular names
čeština: pryšec mnohobarvý
Deutsch: Vielfarbige Wolfsmilch
suomi: Kultatyräkki
hornjoserbsce: Pisana mlóčeń
magyar: színeváltó kutyatej
Nederlands: Kleurige wolfsmelk
polski: wilczomlecz pstry
русский: Молочай многоцветный
svenska: Gulltörel

Euphorbia epithymoides, the cushion spurge, syn. E. polychroma, is a species of flowering plant in the family Euphorbiaceae, native to Libya, Turkey and East, Middle, and Southeast Europe. It is a compact, clump-forming, herbaceous perennial growing to 45 cm (18 in), bearing terminal cymes of acid yellow flower-heads (cyathia) in spring and summer.[2]

The cultivar 'Major'[3] has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[4]

References

"Euphorbia epithymoides". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 26 July 2013.
RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
"Euphorbia epithymoides 'Major' AGM". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
"AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 36. Retrieved 18 February 2018.