Eucalyptus macrocarpa

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids II
Ordo: Myrtales

Familia: Myrtaceae
Subfamilia: Myrtoideae
Tribus: Eucalypteae
Genus: Eucalyptus
Subgenus: E. subg. Symphyomyrtus
Sectio: E. sect. Bisectae
Series: E. ser. Curviptera
Subseries: E. subser. Xylocarpae
Species: Eucalyptus macrocarpa
Subspecies: E. m. subsp. elachantha – E. m. subsp. macrocarpa
Name

Eucalyptus macrocarpa Hook., Icon. Pl. 5: t. 405-407. (1842)

Type: J. Drummond [13] (Holotype: K [​K00347748(JSTOR)]; Possible [​iso]type: E [​E00288227(JSTOR)])
Type locality: Australia. [Western Australia:] Swan River Colony.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Australasia
Regional: Australia
Western Australia

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Hooker, W.J. 1842. Icones Plantarum; or figures, with brief descriptive characters and remarks, of new or rare plants, selected from the author's herbarium. Vol. V.(Tome I n.s.) Tabs. CDI–D. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Chippendale, G.M. 1988. Eucalyptus. In: Flora of Australia 19: 1–448; 495–507 (Appendix). AGPS. Online. Reference page. [see page 271.]

Links

IUCN: Eucalyptus macrocarpa Hook. (Vulnerable) - Assessed by R. Fensham, B. Laffineur & T. Collingwood on 7 March 2019.
Slee, A.V., Brooker, M.I.H., Duffy, S.M. & West, J.G. 2020. Eucalyptus_macrocarpa_subsp._macrocarpa. EUCLID: Eucalypts of Australia. Fourth Edition. Accessed: 2022 October 4
Govaerts, R. et al. 2022. Eucalyptus macrocarpa in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2022 October 4. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Eucalyptus macrocarpa. Published online. Accessed: 4 October 2022.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Eucalyptus macrocarpa in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.
Yonekura, K. & Kajita, T. (2003 onwards) YList – index for Japanese-scientific plant names (「植物和名ー学名インデックス). Published on Internet. Accessed: 2022 October 4

Vernacular names
English: (Small-leaved) Mottlecah
日本語: オオミユーカリ

Eucalyptus macrocarpa, commonly known as mottlecah,[2] is a species of mallee that is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has smooth bark, usually sessile, heart-shaped adult leaves arranged in opposite pairs, large red flowers and broad conical fruit.
flower in Maranoa Gardens

Description

Eucalyptus macrocarpa is a mallee that typically grows to a height of 0.5–8 m (1 ft 8 in – 26 ft 3 in), has a sprawling or spreading habit, and forms a lignotuber. It has smooth, shiny, brownish over salmon-pink bark. Its crown is composed of juvenile leaves that are sessile, arranged in opposite pairs, heart-shaped with the bases wrapped around the stem, glaucous, 55–85 mm (2.2–3.3 in) long and 35–50 mm (1.4–2.0 in) wide. The flower buds are glaucous and are arranged singly in leaf axils on a peduncle 1–7 mm (0.039–0.276 in) long and a pedicel up to 5 mm (0.20 in) long. Mature buds are oval, 40–55 mm (1.6–2.2 in) long and 25–30 mm (0.98–1.18 in) wide with a beaked operculum. Flowering occurs from August to January or April or June and the flowers are red, or rarely, creamy white. The fruit is a sessile, woody, broadly conical capsule 12–20 mm (0.47–0.79 in) long and 33–45 mm (1.3–1.8 in) wide with the valves protruding above the rim of the fruit.[3][4]
Taxonomy and naming

Eucalyptus macrocarpa was first formally described in 1842 by William Jackson Hooker from a specimen collected by James Drummond from the "guangan". The description was published in Hooker's book, Icones Plantarum.[5][6] In Curtis's Botanical Magazine, Hooker noted "[t]he colour of the flowers is due to the stamens alone; for petals (as in the genus) there are none, and the calyx falls off like the lid of a box". He also noted that "the bright red flowers nestled among the leaves, for a very striking object", and that indigenous people called it "morral".[7]

The specific epithet is derived from the ancient Greek words makros (μακρός) meaning "long" and karpos (καρπός) meaning "fruit".[8] Noongar peoples know the tree as mottlecar.[9][10]

In 1993, Ian Brooker and Stephen Hopper described two subspecies and the names have been accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. elachantha Brooker & Hopper [11] has smaller leaves, buds and fruit than subspecies macrocarpa;[12][13]
Eucalyptus macrocarpa Hook. subsp. macrocarpa.[14] The name elachantha is derived from the ancient Greek words elachys meaning "small" and anthos meaning "flower".[15]: 356 [16]

Distribution and habitat

Mottlecah grows in sand in undulating heath between Eneabba, Cataby and Kulin. Subspecies elachantha has a more restricted distribution south-east of Geraldton.[4][17]
Conservation status

Subspecies macrocarpa is classified as "not threatened",[2] but subspecies elachantha is classified as "Priority Four" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife,[2] meaning that is rare or near threatened.[13][18]
Use in horticulture

Eucalyptus macrocarpa is easily grown from seed, but requires good drainage and a dry, frost-free climate. It was raised from seed in 1842 at Kew Gardens and flowered in 1847.[7][17]

References

"Eucalyptus macrocarpa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
"Eucalyptus macrocarpa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
"Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. macrocarpa". Euclid: Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
Chippendale, George M. "Eucalyptus macrocarpa". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
"Eucalyptus macrocarpa". APNI. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Hooker, William Jackson (1842). Icones Plantarum Volume 5. London: Lomgman, Rees, Orme, Brown, Green etc. pp. 405–407. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Hooker, William Jackson (1847). "Eucalyptus macrocarpa". Curtis's Botanical Magazine. 73: Tab. 4333. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Backer, C.A. (1936). Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).
"Noongar names for plants". kippleonline.net. Archived from the original on 2 August 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
Vivienne Hansen; John Horsfall (2016). Noongar Bush Medicine. Crawley: UWA Publishing. p. 120. ISBN 978-1-74258-906-0. Wikidata Q113330855.
"Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. elachantha". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Brooker, M. Ian H.; Hopper, Stephen (1993). "New series, subseries, species and subspecies of Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) from Western Australia and from South Australia". Nuytsia. 9 (137–38). Retrieved 22 September 2019.
"Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. elachantha". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
"Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. macrocarpa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
Francis Aubie Sharr (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and their Meanings. Kardinya, Western Australia: Four Gables Press. ISBN 9780958034180.
"Eucalyptus macrocarpa subsp. macrocarpa". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
"Eucalyptus macrocarpa". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Retrieved 22 September 2019.
"Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 22 September 2019.