Eryngium billardierei

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Apiales

Familia: Apiaceae
Subfamilia: Saniculoideae
Tribus: Saniculeae
Genus: Eryngium
Species: Eryngium billardierei
Name

Eryngium billardierei F.Delaroche, Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. Paris 1: 87. 1807; Eryng. Alep. hist.: 25, t. 2 (1808). (as “E. Billardierii”, often called “E. billardieri”)

Typus: "Habitat in Oriente." [Syria, Lebanon] “Eryngium billardierei Del. / Syrie-Liban/M. Labillar[d]ière / Hb. Delessert” (Holotypus: G).

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Eryngium balchanicum Bobrov in Schischkin, Fl. URSS 16: 589. 1950.
Typus: [Turkmenistan] “Nr. 286 / Eryngium sp. n. to Billar[d}ierei affinis / Turkmenistan, B. Balkhany Podnozhie / yuzhnogo sklona bl. r. Berktscheme / 3. VI. 1928 leg. E. Bobrov et A. Jarmolenko. / Iter Austro-Turkestanicum. B.A. Fedtschenko 1928.” (Holotypus: LE).
Eryngium caerulescens Jacquem. ex C.B.Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2(6): 670. 1879. nom. illeg.
Eryngium noeanum Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2, 2: 72. 1856.
Typus: [Iran] “Herbarium Noeanum / no. 1112 Eryngium noeanum Boiss. / Kirrind in Persia Septbr./ 1851 ego!” Noë (Holotypus: G-BOIS).
Eryngium nigromontanum Boiss. & Buhse, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 12: 95. 1860.
Typus:: [Azerbaijan] “Herb. Buhse Riga / Eryngium billardierei Laroch. / γ. meiocephalum Boiss./ Fl. or. II, 825 / Tab. ined XXXIV. E. nigromontanum / Aufz. S. 95 / Karadagh (Aderbeidshan) Juli / 1847” (Lectotypus, designated by Wörz 2011: 148: LE, Herb. Buhse, Isolectotypus: G-BOIS).
Eryngium billardierei var. nigromontanum (Boiss. & Buhse) Wolff in Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 288 (61): 150. 1913.
Eryngium billardierei var. meiocephalum Boiss., Fl. Orient. 2: 825. 1872.
Eryngium orientale Stapf & Wettst., Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. KL. 51: 315. 1886, nom. illeg. non Mill. (1768)

Homonyms

Eryngium billardieri Heldr. ex Boiss., Heldr. ex Boiss., Diagn. pl. orient. Ser. 1, 10: 20. 1849 nom. illeg. non F.Delaroche (1808) = Eryngium heldreichii Boiss.

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asia-Temperate
Regional: Middle Asia
Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan
Regional: Caucasus
Transcaucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Gruziya, Nakhichevan)
Regional: Western Asia
Afghanistan (Farah, Faryab, Ghorat, Herat, Kabul, Kandahar), Iran (EC-Iran, NE-Iran: Mts., N-Iran, Iranian Aserbaijan, W-Iran), Iraq (NE-Iraq), Lebanon-Syria (Lebanon: Antilebanon, C-Lebanon; Syria), Turkey (E-Anatolia, Inner Anatolia, NE-Anatolia, SE-Anatolia)
Continental: Asia-Tropical
Regional: Indian Subcontinent
Pakistan (Baluchistan, Kurram): erroneous, belonging to Eryngium carlinoides Boiss.; Jammu & Kashmir (Kashmir), India (NW-Himalaya): erroneous, belonging to Eryngium caeruleum M.Bieb.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References

Delaroche, F. 1807. Histoire du genre Eryngium. Nouveau Bulletin des Sciences, Publie par la Société Philomatique de Paris 1: 86–89. BHL
Wörz, A. 2011. Revision of Eryngium L. (Apiaceae-Saniculoideae): General Part and Palaearctic Species. Bibliotheca Botanica 159: 1–498. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, ISBN 978-3-510-48030-2. Reference page. 

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Eryngium billardieri. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Sept. 15. Reference page. (incorrect epithet spelling)
Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Eryngium billardierei in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Sept. 15.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Eryngium billardierei. Published online. Accessed: Sept. 15 2018.
The Plant List 2013. Eryngium billardierei in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Sept. 15.
Tropicos.org 2018. Eryngium billardierei. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 15 Sept. 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Eryngium billardierei in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.