Crepidium

Familia: Orchidaceae
Subfamilia: Epidendroideae
Tribus: Malaxideae
Genus: Crepidium
Overview of species (293)
a

C. acuminatum – C. alagense – C. amabilis – C. amplectens – C. andersonii – C. angustifoveum – C. aphyllum – C. arachnoideum – C. arboricola – C. arietinum – C. aschistum – C. atratum – C. atrobrachiatum – C. atrosanguineum – C. auratum
b

C. bahanense – C. balabacense – C. bancanoides – C. bancanum – C. bataanense – C. bengkulense – C. biauritum – C. bidentiferum – C. binabayense – C. bisepalum – C. bispiriferum – C. brachycaulos – C. brachyodontum – C. bracteosum – C. brevidentatum – C. breviscapum – C. burbidgei
c

C. calcareum – C. calcicola – C. calophyllum – C. caricoides – C. carinatifolium – C. carrii – C. celebicum – C. chamaeorchis – C. chlorophrys – C. christinae – C. circeum – C. clemensii – C. comans – C. comberi – C. commelinifolium – C. concavum – C. copelandii – C. cordiglottis – C. crassidens – C. crassilabris – C. crenatilobum – C. cribbianum – C. cruciatum – C. cucullatum – C. cuneipetalum – C. cupreum – C. cupuliflorum – C. curvatulum – C. curviauriculatum – C. cyanobrachium
d

C. damusicum – C. davaensis – C. decumbens – C. dentatum – C. dewildeanum – C. diploceras – C. distans – C. dolichostachys – C. dryadum
e

C. elegans – C. elmeri – C. epiphyticum – C. euanthum – C. exilis
f

C. falcifolium – C. fasciatum – C. fimbriatum – C. finetii – C. fissum – C. flammeum – C. flavescens – C. flavovirens – C. foetidum – C. foliosum – C. fontinale – C. fulvum
g

C. georgeanum – C. gibbosum – C. gibbsiae – C. godefroyi – C. graciliscapum – C. graminifolium – C. grandiflorum – C. grandifolium – C. gregorii – C. grochockianum
h

C. hahajimense – C. hainanense – C. heliophilum – C. hippocrepiforme – C. hoi – C. holttumianum – C. horielense – C. humeratum – C. hutchinsonianum – C. hydrophilum
i

C. imthurnii – C. incurviforceps – C. incurvum – C. inexspectatum – C. insulare – C. integrilabium – C. irregularis
j

C. josephianum – C. junghuhnii
k

C. kabense – C. kandae – C. kempfii – C. kerintjiense – C. kerstingianum – C. keysseri – C. khasianum – C. kinabaluense – C. klabatense – C. klimkoanum – C. kobi – C. koordersii – C. kortylewskianum – C. kristinianum
l

C. laciniosum – C. laeve – C. lamii – C. langkawiense – C. latilabre – C. latipetalum – C. latisegmentum – C. latisepalum – C. latum – C. lawleri – C. laxum – C. ledermannii – C. leucodon – C. lilacinum – C. lobatocallosum – C. lokonense – C. longifolium – C. longispicum – C. lowii – C. loxium – C. lunatum – C. luniferum – C. lyroglossum
m

C. maaikeae – C. maboroense – C. mackinnonii – C. macrochilum – C. macrophyllum – C. macrotis – C. maculatum – C. magnicallosa – C. malabarica – C. mambulilingense – C. mariae – C. marsupichilum – C. matsudae – C. maximowiczianum – C. megalanthum – C. melanophyllum – C. merapiense – C. merrillii – C. metallicum – C. micholitzianum – C. micranthum – C. microhybos – C. mindorense – C. moluccanum – C. multiflorum
n

C. negrosianum – C. nemorale – C. nephroglossum – C. nigrescens – C. nitidum
o

C. obovatum – C. ochyranum – C. octodentatum – C. oculatum – C. olivaceum – C. orbicans – C. orbiculare – C. oreocharis – C. ovalisepalum
p

C. paguroides – C. palawense – C. parryae – C. partitilobum – C. pectinatum – C. pedicellare – C. perakense – C. petiolare – C. platychilum – C. pleistanthum – C. polyodon – C. prasinum – C. productum – C. propinquum – C. protractum – C. puberulum – C. pubicallosum – C. punctatum – C. purpureonervosum – C. purpureoviridis – C. purpureum
q

C. quadridens – C. quadridentatum – C. quadrilobum
r

C. raciborskii – C. rajanum – C. ramosum – C. ranauense – C. ravanii – C. reineckeanum – C. repens – C. resupinatum – C. rhabdophyllum – C. rheedei – C. rhinoceros – C. ridleyi – C. riparium – C. robinsonii – C. roohutuensis
s

C. saccatum – C. sagittatum – C. sagittiflorum – C. samoense – C. saprophytum – C. schlechteri – C. schumannianum – C. sciaphilum – C. segaarense – C. seidenfadenianum – C. seleniglossum – C. setipes – C. sichuanicum – C. slamatense – C. soleiforme – C. sororium – C. stenophyllum – C. stenostachys – C. stolleanum – C. sublobatum – C. sumatrense – C. sundaicum – C. szemaoense – C. szlachetkianum
t

C. taurinum – C. taylorii – C. tenggerense – C. ternatense – C. tetralobum – C. tixieri – C. tjiwideiense – C. torricellense – C. toxopei – C. trichopodum – C. tripartitum – C. triphyllum – C. trukense – C. tubulosum
u

C. umbonatum – C. umbraticola – C. uncatum – C. undulatum
v

C. vanroyenii – C. variabile – C. venosum – C. vermeulenianum – C. verruculosum – C. versicolor – C. vinicolor – C. vinosum – C. vitiense
w

C. wappeanum – C. warapussae – C. warianum – C. wenzelii – C. werneri – C. williamsii – C. woodianum
x

C. xanthochilum
y

C. yamapense
z

C. zippelii
Name

Crepidium Blume, Bijdr.: 387 (1825)

Type species: Crepidium rheedei Blume, Bijdr.: 387 (1825)

Synonymy

Heterotypic
Pterochilus Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy.: t. 17 (1832)
Pseudoliparis Finet, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 54: 536 (1907)
Fingardia Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 134 (1995)
Seidenfia Szlach., Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 122 (1995)
Seidenforchis Marg., Acta Soc. Bot. Poloniae 75: 302 (2006)

Homonyms

Crepidium Tausch, Flora 11 Ergänzungsbl. 80. (1828) vide in familia: Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl, O Prirozenosti Rostlin 254. (1820)
Crepidium Nutt., Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, new series, 7: 435–436. (1841) vide in familia: Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl, O Prirozenosti Rostlin 254. (1820)

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Asia-Temperate
China
China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Tibet.
Eastern Asia
Nansei-shoto, Ogasawara-shoto, Taiwan.
Asia-Tropical
Indian Subcontinent
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya.
Indo-China
Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam.
Malesia
Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands, Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera.
Papuasia
Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Islands.
Australasia
Australia
Northern Territory, Queensland.
Pacific
Southwestern Pacific
Fiji, Niue, New Caledonia, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Islands.
South-Central Pacific
Cook Islands, Society Islands, Tubuai Islands.
Northwestern Pacific
Caroline Islands.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Blume, C.L. 1825. Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië 6: t. 2, f. 63.
Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.W. & Rasmussen, F.N. (eds.) 2006. Genera Orchidacearum Volume 4 Epidendroideae (Part one); page 457 ff., Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850712-7. Reference page.

Additional references

Margonska, H.B. 2014. New Crepidium species (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae) from the Island of Negros, Philippines. Phytotaxa 172(1): 51–54. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.172.1.7 Reference page.

Links

'eFloras 2009. Crepidium in Flora of China vol. 25 Orchidaceae --> pdf Crepidium
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2021. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Crepidium. Accessed: 2021 May 22.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Crepidium in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 May 22. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Crepidium in World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 May 22. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2021. Crepidium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2021. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2021 May 22. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2021. Crepidium. Published online. Accessed: 22 May 2021.
Tropicos.org 2021. Crepidium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 May 2021.

Vernacular names

English: Spur orchids
മലയാളം: ക്രെപ്പിഡിയം

Crepidium, commonly known as 沼兰属 (zhao lan shu)[3] or spur orchids[4] is a genus of about three hundred species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are evergreen, mostly terrestrial plants with short stems lying on the ground, two or more relatively large, pleated leaves and small, non-resupinate flowers with spreading sepals and petals. The genus is widely distributed in the tropics.

Description

Orchids in the genus Crepidium are evergreen, sympodial, mostly terrestrial plants with fleshy stems lying on the ground although a few species are epiphytes. There are two to many relatively large, pleated leaves with their petioles wrapped around the stem, the leaves sometimes lasting for up to three years. Small or tiny, non-resupinate flowers are borne along the end of the flowering stem. The flowers are green, yellow, red, brown or purple and have spreading sepals and petals. The dorsal sepal is usually longer than the lateral sepals and the petals usually shorter and narrower than the sepals. The labellum is erect, flat and usually undivided with two ear-like lobes near its base. The column is short and has two relatively large wings. No nectar is produced and there are two pairs of waxy, yellow pollinia.[3][4][5][6]
Taxonomy and naming

The genus Crepidium was first raised and formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and the description was published in his book Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië.[2][7] The name Crepidium is derived from the Latin word crepida meaning "boot", "sandal", "shoe" or "base",[8] possibly referring to the shape of the labellum. Some authors previously included species in this genus in Malaxis but Crepidium have stems lying above ground, broad leaves and an undivided labellum with ear-like lobes.[5]
Species

(See List of species)
Distribution and habitat

Species of Crepidium are found in tropical countries including China, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast asia, northern Australia, New Guinea, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The greatest diversity is in New Guinea where about ninety species occur. Seventeen species, five of which are endemic occur in China. In Australia there are five endemic species in tropical Queensland and the Northern Territory. Many species grow on the floor of rainforest but some are epiphytes on mossy tree trunks.[3][5][6]
References

"Crepidium". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2 September 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2012.
"Crepidium". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
"Crepidium". Flora of China. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. pp. 354–356. ISBN 1877069124.
D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Crepidium". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids. Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
"Genus Crepidium". Orchids of New Guinea. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
Blume, Carl Ludwig (1825). Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië. Batavia. p. 387. Retrieved 18 October 2018.
Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 707.