Costaceae

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Zingiberales

Familia: Costaceae
Genera: Chamaecostus – Cheilocostus – Costus – Dimerocostus – Hellenia – Monocostus – Paracostus – Tapeinochilos

Name

Costaceae Nakai (1941)

Type genus: Costus L. Sp. Pl. 1: 2. (1753)

References

Nakai, T. J. Jap. Bot. 17: 203. Apr 1941.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2014. Costaceae in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2014 Feb. 8. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2014. Costaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 8 Feb. 2014.
Specht, C.D. & Stevenson, D.W. 2006. A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales) Taxon, 55(1): 159 (157; fig. 1).
Govaerts, R. (2013) Hellenia Retz., the correct name for Cheilocostus C.D.Specht (Costaceae), Phytotaxa, 151 (1): 63–64. Available on line [1]. Accessed Feb. 8 2014.

Vernacular names
suomi: Kostuskasvit
中文: 闭鞘姜科

Costaceae, known as the Costus family or spiral gingers, is a family of pantropical monocots. It belongs to the order Zingiberales, which contains horticulturally and economically important plants such as the banana (Musaceae), bird-of-paradise (Strelitziaceae), and edible ginger (Zingiberaceae). The seven genera in Costaceae together contain about 143 known species[2] (1 in Monocostus, 2 in Dimerocostus, 16 in Tapeinochilos, 2 in Paracostus, c. 8 in Chamaecostus, c. 5 in Hellenia, and c. 80 in Costus).[3] They are native to tropical climates of Asia, Africa, Central America, and South America. Several species are frequently found in cultivation.[citation needed]

Description

The simple leaves are entire and spirally arranged, with those toward the base of the stem usually bladeless. Leaf bases have a closed sheath with a ligule, or projection at the top of the sheath.

Costaceae is different from the other families of Zingiberales in that its species have 5 fused staminodes, rather than 2 or 3, and the Costaceae contain no aromatic oils. The fused infertile stamens form a large petaloid labellum that often functions to attract pollinators. The flowers are solitary in Monocostus. In the other genera, the flowers are borne in a terminal spike that ranges from elongate to nearly capitate. Each flower is subtended by a large bract. The fruit is a berry or capsule. The rhizome is fleshy with tuberous roots.
Taxonomy
Cladogram: Phylogeny of Zingiberales[4]
Zingiberales
 
 
Zingiberineae
Zingiberariae
 

Zingiberaceae
 
 

Costaceae
 
 
Cannariae
 

Cannaceae
 
 

Marantaceae
 
 
 
 
Strelitziineae
 

Lowiaceae
 
 

Strelitziaceae
 
 
 

Heliconiaceae
 
 
 
 
 
 

Musaceae
 
 
 
Gallery

Tapeinochilos ananassae (wax ginger)

Tapeinochilos ananassae (wax ginger)
Cheilocostus speciosus (crêpe ginger)

Cheilocostus speciosus (crêpe ginger)
Spirally arranged leaves of wild Cheilocostus speciosus

Spirally arranged leaves of wild Cheilocostus speciosus

References

Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-25. Retrieved 2013-06-26.
Christenhusz, M. J. M.; Byng, J. W. (2016). "The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 261 (3): 201–217. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1.
Chelsea D. Specht & Dennis Wm. Stevenson. 2006. "A new phylogeny-based generic classification of Costaceae (Zingiberales)".Taxon 55(1):153-163. (See External links below).

Sass et al 2016.

Bibliography

Sass, C; Iles, WJ; Barrett, CF; Smith, SY; Specht, CD (21 January 2016). "Revisiting the Zingiberales: using multiplexed exon capture to resolve ancient and recent phylogenetic splits in a charismatic plant lineage". PeerJ. 4: e1584. doi:10.7717/peerj.1584. PMC 4727956. PMID 26819846.