Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Anthemideae
Subtribus: Artemisiinae
Genus: Chrysanthemum
Species: Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium
Varieties: C. l. var. discoideum – C. l. var. tomentellum
Name

Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium (Fisch. ex Trautv.) Makino
Synonyms

Chrysanthemum bellum Grun.
Chrysanthemum bellum var. glabriusculum Ling
Chrysanthemum bellum var. jucundum (Nakai & Kitag.) Hand.-Mazz.
Chrysanthemum boreale (Makino) Makino
Chrysanthemum indicum var. acutum Uyeki
Chrysanthemum indicum var. boreale Makino
Chrysanthemum jucundum Nakai & Kitag.
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium var. acutum (Uyeki) C. Y. Li
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium var. glabriusculum (Ling) Kitam.
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium var. jucundum (Nakai & Kitag.) Kitam.
Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium var. sianense Kitam.
Chrysanthemum namikawanum Kitam.
Chrysanthemum seticuspe (Maxim.) Hand.-Mazz.
Chrysanthemum seticuspe f. boreale (Makino) H.Ohashi & Yonek.
Chrysanthemum seticuspe var. boreale (Makino) Hand.-Mazz.
Chrysanthemum wilsonianum Hand.-Mazz.
Dendranthema boreale (Makino) Ling
Dendranthema lavandulifolium (Fischer ex Trautv.) Ling & Shih
Dendranthema lavandulifolium var. glabriusculum (Ling) S. Kitam.
Dendranthema lavandulifolium var. seticuspe (Maxim.) Shih
Dendranthema lavandulifolium var. sianense (S. Kitam.) S. Kitam.
Dendranthema seticuspe (Maxim.) Kitam.
Dendranthema seticuspe f. boreale (Makino) S. Kitam.
Pyrethrum lavandulifolium Fischer ex Trautv.
Pyrethrum seticuspe Maxim

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Asie
China (Gansu, Hebei, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu), North Korea, South Korea

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

Makino, Botanical Magazine. [Shokubutsu-gaku zasshi]. [Tokyo Botanical Society]. Tokyo 23:20. 1909, in obs.
USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN) [Data from 07-Oct-06]. [1]

Links

Hassler, M. 2017. Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2017. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2017 Nov 21. Reference page.

Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium is a flowering plant within the family Asteraceae and the genus Chrysanthemum. It is a perennial flowering plant that is often noted because of its yellow flowers. It has 18 chromosomes at the diploid stage.[5]
Contents

1 Description
2 Taxonomy
3 Distribution
4 Habitat and ecology
5 Medicinal use
6 Diseases
7 Notes
8 References

Description

The morphology of the plant consists of a herb and its flower. The herb is erect, and the flowers have yellow sepals and multiple carpals. The herb has a green, oblong leaf with pinnate venation. These leaves are about 5–7 cm in length and 4–6 cm in width. The leaf blade is broad, while the base is suddenly narrowed and of an ovate or lanceolate lobed shape.[6] The leaves are in alternate arrangement throughout the stem.[7] In addition, it has a broad sinus base with "dorsifixed pubescence" underneath. The petiole is about 1–2 cm long. The rhizome is short, while the stem is erect, long branched, and colored white pubescent.[6] Also, there are only a few stem-leaves.[8][6] The herb grows from 100 to 150 cm.[9]

C. lavandulifolium flowers grow in a corymb-style head and are terminal. They also have yellow heads that contain multiple carpals; these stretch from 14–15 mm in diameter. They also contain three or four oblong bracts that have soft tissue and are elliptical and tipped.[6] These bracts have hemispherical involucre or coverings.[7] In addition, the yellow corollas of the flower are about 5–7 mm long and 1.5–2 mm wide These heads stretch to about 1.5 cm in diameter.[6] These bisexual florets have obtuse and irregular anther bases. They have pistillate ray florets that can be yellow or white. From these pistillates, they produce achenes, which are indehiscent and angled. The pappus, a modified calyx, is not present or extremely small.[7]
Taxonomy

The species was first described in 1872 by Ernst von Trautvetter as Pyrethrum lavandulifolium, with the name attributed to Friedrich von Fischer.[10][11][note 1] In 1909, Tomitaro Makino placed the species in Chrysanthemum when describing Chrysanthemum boreale (which he had mentioned as a variety of C. indicum in 1902). He noted that C. boreale "came very near" to C. lavandulifolium.[12] The two are now treated as one species.[3]

When it became understood that Linnaeus's Chrysanthemum, which was typified by a Mediterranean annual species, was distinct from the largely Asian perennial species, these latter, including C. lavandulifolium and C. boreale, were initially given names in the genus Dendranthema.[13] In 1999, the genus name Chrysanthemum was conserved for the Asian species, so the name Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium became acceptable again.
Distribution

C. lavandulifolium naturally occurs or is native to regions of eastern Asia such as Korea, Japan, and China. In China, it is found in the provinces Gansu, Sichuan, and Yunnan.[4] In Japan, it is found primarily in Honshu and Kyushu.[4] In Korea, it is found in Gyeongsangbuk,[14] Gangwon,[15] and Chungcheongbuk.[16] Chrysanthemums may have been introduced to Japan by Chinese in the eighth century AD.[17]
Habitat and ecology

C. lavandulifolium, a perennial plant, grows well in warm climates around East Asia. It flowers from October to November.[5][18] The plant grows well on moist clayey soils in full sun. It is also quite immune to high temperatures and lack of moisture.[19]
Medicinal use

In Korea, C. lavandulifolium has been used to treat vertigo, a type of dizziness, in traditional medicine. In addition, its flowers have been used as an antipyretic.[20] It has been also noted to have anti-inflammatory effects on disease such as atopic dermatitis.[21]
Diseases

This particular type of chrysanthemum is noted to be affected by black plight.[22] In addition, in Korea and other Asian countries, C. lavandulifolium has contracted a downy mildew infection caused by Paraperonospora minor. The fungi-like agents grow on leaves and turn them a yellowish color, and the plant eventually wilts until it dies out. This study was the first to find C. lavandulifolium with this infection.[23]
Notes

The epithet was originally published as "lavandulaefolium".[11] Under Article 60.10 of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, the letters "ae" in epithets like lavandulaefolium are to be corrected to "i",[24] here giving lavandulifolium.

References

"Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium (Fisch. ex Trautv.) Makino". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
"'Chrysanthemum indicum var. boreale Makino". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
"Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium Makino". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2020-02-24.
"Chrysanthemum boreale". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 29 April 2012.
Numata, Makoto (Jan 10, 1969). Biological Flora of Japan. Tokyo, Japan: Tsukiji Shokan publishing Co. LTD. p. 202.
Ohwi, Jisaburo (1984). Flora of Japan. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution. p. 1066.
Mani, M.S. (Jan 1978). Ecology and Phytogeography of High Altitude Plants of the Northwest Himalaya. New Delhi, India: Oxford and IBH publishing co. p. 204.
Polunin, Greg (1987). Concise Flowers of the Himalaya. Bombay: Oxford University Press. p. 283.
"Chrysanthemum boreale". Biglobe. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
"Pyrethrum lavandulifolium Fisch. ex Trautv". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
Trautvetter, E.R. von (1872). "60. Pyrethrum lavandaefolium Fisch". Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. 1 (2): 167–195. Retrieved 2020-02-25., Trautvetter, E.R. von (1872). "Catalogus Plantarum anno 1870 ab Alexio Lomonossowio in Mongolia orientali lectarum". Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. 1 (2): 167–195.
Makino, T. (1909). "Chrysanthemum boreale Makino". The Botanical Magazine (Tokyo). 23: 20–21. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
Kitamura, Siro (1978). "Dendranthema et Nipponanthemum". Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 29 (6): 165–170. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
"Dendranthema boreale (Makino) Ling ex Kitam". Occurrence Details: KNA plants KBNA200911181095. Korea National Arboretum (Korea Forest Service). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
"Dendranthema boreale (Makino) Ling ex Kitam". Occurrence Details: KNA Plant SNBA200507052045. Korea National Arboretum (Korea Forest Service). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
"Dendranthema boreale (Makino) Ling ex Kitam". Occurrence Details: KNA Plant HNHA200508261151. Korea National Arboretum (Korea Forest Service). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
Cox, E.H.M. Cox ; with an introduction by Peter (1986). Plant-hunting in China ([Nachdr. d. Ausg.] London 1945. ed.). Hong Kong: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195838343.
Suehiro, Shu. "Chrysanthemum boreale". Botanic Garden. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
Kitamura, Fumio (1963). Garden Plants in Japan. Tokyo, Japan: Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai. p. 263.
Kang, Sam Sik; Kim, Ju Sun; Son, Kun Ho; Lee, Chong Ock; Kim, Young Hee (1 October 1996). "Isolation of handelin from Chrysanthemum boreale". Archives of Pharmacal Research. 19 (5): 406–410. doi:10.1007/BF02976387. S2CID 97678001.
"COMPOUND COMPRISING EXTRACTS OR FRACTIONS OF CHRYSANTHEMUM BOREALE MAKINO HAVING ANTI-INFLAMMATION ACTIVITY". WIPO Patent Scope. Retrieved 30 April 2012.
Kim, Dong Kil; Chang Ki Shim; Dong Won Bae; Sun Chul Lee; Hee Kyu Kim (July 10, 2001). "Occurrence of Blossom Blight of Chrysanthemum boreale Caused by Didymella chrysanthemi". Plant Pathol. 17 (6): 347–349. Retrieved 30 April 2012.[permanent dead link]
Choi, Y. J.; Park, M. J.; Shin, H. D. (1 December 2008). "Downy mildew outbreak on caused by". Plant Pathology. 57 (6): 1176. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01919.x.
Turland, N.J.; et al., eds. (2018). "Article 60". International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017 (electronic ed.). Glashütten: International Association for Plant Taxonomy. Retrieved 2020-02-25..