Carex flava

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Cyperaceae
Subfamilia: Cyperoideae
Tribus: Cariceae
Genus: Carex
Species: Carex flava
Name

Carex flava L.
Synonyms

Homotypic
Trasus flavus (L.) Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 60 (1821 publ. 1822).
Anithista flava (L.) Raf., Good Book: 26 (1840).
Carex flava subsp. macrorrhyncha Celak., Prodr. Fl. Böhmen: 71 (1867), nom. inval.
Proteocarpus flavus (L.) Fedde & J.Schust., Just's Bot. Jahresber. 41(2): 11 (1913 publ. 1918).
Heterotypic
Carex echinata Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 177 (1779), nom. illeg.
Carex foliosa All., Fl. Pedem. 2: 270 (1785).
Carex viridis Honck., Syn. Pl. Germ. 1: 372 (1792).
Carex patula Host, Icon. Descr. Gram. Austriac. 1: 48, t. 64 (1801), nom. illeg.
Carex uetliaca Suter, Helvet. Fl. 1: 251 (1802), nom. superfl.
Carex flava var. pygmaea Hartm., Handb. Skand. Fl.: 35 (1820).
Trasus flavus var. duplex Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 60 (1821 publ. 1822).
Trasus flavus var. scaber Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 60 (1821 publ. 1822).
Carex flava var. densa Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 6: 97 (1830).
Carex flava var. patula Klett & Richt., Fl. Leipzig: 758 (1830).
Carex flava var. rectirostra Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 6: 97 (1830).
Carex flava var. vulgaris Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 147 (1843).
Carex flava var. deficiens Peterm., Flora 27: 339 (1844).
Carex flava var. rectirostris Peterm., Flora 27: 338 (1844).
Carex flava var. intermedia Coss. & Germ., Fl. Descr. Anal. Paris: 602 (1845).
Carex flavofulva Beurl., Bot. Not 1853: 37 (1853).
Carex flava f. patula (Klett & Richt.) Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 711 (1866).
Carex flava f. remotiuscula Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 711 (1866).
Carex flava var. uetliaca (Suter) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 771 (1882).
Carex flava var. graminis L.H.Bailey, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 1: 30 (1889).
Carex flava var. fertilis Peck, Rep. (Annual) Regents Univ. State New York New York State Mus. 48: 197 (1896).
Carex flava var. alpina Kneuck., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 5: 8 (1899).
Carex flava f. umbrosa Kneuck., Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 5: 8 (1899).
Carex flava var. congesta Neuman, Sver. Fl.: 696 (1901).
Carex flava var. dispersa Neuman, Sver. Fl.: 696 (1901).
Carex flava var. brevirostris Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(2): 201 (1903).
Carex flava f. uetliaca (Suter) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(2): 200 (1903).
Carex lepidocarpa f. intermedia (Coss. & Germ.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(2): 200 (1903).
Carex flava f. brevirostris Junge, Schriften Naturwiss. Vereins Schleswig-Holstein 13(2): 4 (1906).
Carex flava var. gaspensis Fernald, Rhodora 8: 200 (1906).
Carex lepidocarpa var. laxior Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 20(38): 673 (1909).
Carex oederi f. graminis (L.H.Bailey) Kük. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 20(38): 674 (1909).
Carex flavella V.I.Krecz. in P.F.Majevski, Fl. Centr. Russ., ed. 6: 185 (1933).
Carex laxior (Kük.) Mack. in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 18: 306 (1935).
Carex oederi var. microcarpa Font Quer, Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 35: 140 (1935).
Carex flava var. laxior (Kük.) Gleason, Phytologia 4: 22 (1952).
Carex flava f. pygmaea (Hartm.) C.Vicioso, Bol. Inst. Forest. Invest. Exp. 30(79): 189 (1959).
Carex nevadensis subsp. flavella (V.I.Krecz.) Patzke & Podlech in E.Janchen, Cat. Fl. Austr. 1(4): 774 (1959).
Carex flava f. graminis (L.H.Bailey) Scoggan, Fl. Canada 1: 51 (1978).
Carex flava subsp. alpina (Kneuck.) O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 95 (1987 publ. 1988).
Carex flava var. barrerae O.Bolòs, Masalles & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 95 (1987 publ. 1988).
Carex nevadensis subsp. alpina (Kneuck.) Podlech, Bull. Soc. Échange Pl. Vasc. Eur. Occid. Bassin Médit. 28: 113 (2000).

Distribution
Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America
Alaska, Alberta, Connecticut, Idaho, Indiana, Labrador, Maine, Manitoba, Masachusettes, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Qubec, Rhode I., Vermont, Wisconsin
Continental: Europe
Albania, Austria, Baltic States, Belgium, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Froyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Krym, Netherlands, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Poland, Romania, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia
Continental: Asia-Temperate
Iran, North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Turkey

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition
References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 975. Reference page. 

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Carex flava in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jan 18. Reference page. 
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Carex flava. Published online. Accessed: Jan 18 2020.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Carex flava in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Jan 18. Reference page. 
Tropicos.org 2020. Carex flava. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 18 Jan 2020.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Carex flava in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names
suomi: Keltasara

Carex flava, called hedgehog grass, is a widespread species of sedge (genus Carex), native to the northern United States, Canada, Iceland, Europe, the Atlas Mountains in Africa, the Transcaucasus area, and parts of Siberia.[2][3] It is the namesake of the Carex flava species complex.[4]
References

Sp. Pl.: 975 (1753)
"Carex flava L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 31 December 2020.
"Carex flava hedgehog grass". The Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 31 December 2020. "Other common names; marsh hedgehog grass, yellow sedge, large yellow sedge"
Jiménez-Mejías, Pedro; Benítez-Benítez, Carmen; Fernández-Mazuecos, Mario; Martín-Bravo, Santiago (2017). "Cut from the same cloth: The convergent evolution of dwarf morphotypes of the Carex flava group (Cyperaceae) in Circum-Mediterranean mountains". PLOS ONE. 12 (12): e0189769. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1289769J. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0189769. PMC 5744957. PMID 29281689.