Billardiera

Life-forms

Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Campanulids
Ordo: Apiales

Familia: Pittosporaceae
Genus: Billardiera
Species: B. coriacea – B. cymosa – B. drummondii – B. floribunda – B. fusiformis – B. heterophylla – B. laxiflora – B. lehmanniana – B. longiflora – B. macrantha – B. mutabilis – B. nesophila – B. ovalis – B. rubens – B. scandens – B. sericophora – B. speciosa – B. uniflora – B. variifolia – B. venusta – B. versicolor – B. viridiflora
Name

Billardiera Sm., Spec. Bot. New Holland 1: 1 (t. 1). (1793)

Type species: Billardiera scandens Sm., Spec. Bot. New Holland 1: 1 (t. 1). (1793)

Synonyms

Heterotypic
Campylanthera Hook.
Labillardiera Schult.
Pronaya Hügel
Sollya Lindl.
Spiranthera Hook. (1836) nom. illeg. hom. non Spiranthera A.St.-Hil., (1823) (Rutaceae)
Xerosollya Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 27(2): 362. (1854)

References

Smith, J.E. 1793. Specimen of the Botany of New Holland 1: 1 (t. 1).
Billardiera in: Australian Plant Census (APC) 2020. IBIS database, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria. Accessed: 2020 Nov. 28.
Chandler G.T., Plunkett G.M., Pinney S.M., Cayzer L.W., & Gemmill C.E.C. 2007. Molecular and morphological agreement in Pittosporaceae: phylogenetic analysis with nuclear ITS and plastid trnL–trnF sequence data. Australian Systematic Botany 20(5): 390–401. DOI: 10.1071/SB07004 Reference page.
Cayzer, L.W., Crisp, M.D. & Telford, I.R. 2004. Cladistic analysis and revision of Billardiera (Pittosporaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 17(1): 83-125. DOI: 10.1071/SB03028 Paywall ResearchGate Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2020. Billardiera in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2020 Nov. 28. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2020. Billardiera. Published online. Accessed: Nov. 28 2020.
Tropicos.org 2020. Billardiera. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 28 Nov. 2020.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Billardiera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 09-Oct-10.

Billardiera is a genus of small vines and shrubs in the family, Pittosporaceae, which is endemic to Australia. The genus was first formally described in 1793 by botanist James Edward Smith who named it in honour of Jacques Labillardière, a French botanist.[1][2][3]

Description

Members of the genus, Billardiera, are woody climbers.[4] The leathery leaves are alternate.[3] The 5-merous hermaphroditic flowers are usually terminal, and may be solitary or clustered.[3] The perianth consists of a distinct calyx and corolla.[3] The petals are clawed. The anthers shed their pollen via longitudinal slits.[3] There is one hairless style & stigma.[3] The ovary is superior and either 2 or 3 locular, with the placentation being parietal.[3] The fruit is either a two-celled capsule or a berry with one or two cells.[3] The wingless seeds are often covered in a mucilaginous pulp.[3]
Distribution

The genus is endemic to Australia and found in all states and territories except the Northern Territory
Species include

Billardiera bicolor (Putt.) E.M.Benn.
Billardiera coriacea Benth.
Billardiera cymosa F.Muell.
Billardiera drummondii (C.Morren) L.Cayzer & Crisp
Billardiera floribunda (Putt.) F.Muell. (White-flowered billardiera)
Billardiera fraseri (Hook.) F.Muell. (Elegant pronaya)
Billardiera fusiformis Labill. (Australian bluebell)
Billardiera heterophylla (Lindl.) L.Cayzer & Crisp (Bluebell creeper, purple appleberry, Australian bluebell)
Billardiera laxiflora (Benth.) E.M.Benn.
Billardiera lehmanniana F.Muell.
Billardiera longiflora Labill.
Billardiera macrantha Hook.f.
Billardiera mutabilis Salisb. (Climbing appleberry)
Billardiera nesophila L.Cayzer & D.L.Jones
Billardiera ovalis Lindl.
Billardiera procumbens (Hook.)
Billardiera rubens L.Cayzer, Crisp & I.Telford
Billardiera scandens Sm. (Hairy appleberry)
Billardiera sericophora F.Muell.
Billardiera speciosa (Endl.)
Billardiera uniflora E.M.Benn.
Billardiera variifolia DC.
Billardiera venusta (Putt.) L.Cayzer & Crisp
Billardiera versicolor F.Muell. ex Klatt (Pale appleberry)
Billardiera villosa (Turcz.) E.M.Benn.
Billardiera viridiflora L.Cayzer & D.L.Jones

References

"Billardiera Sm". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
PlantNET New South Wales Flora Online: Billardiera
"Billardiera". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
Cayzer, L, Crisp, M, Telford, I (2004) Cladistic analysis and revision of Billardiera (Pittosporaceae). Australian Systematic Botany 17, 83-125.