Colletotrichum

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Fungi
Subregnum: Dikarya
Divisio: Ascomycota
Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina
Classis: Sordariomycetes
Subclassis: Hypocreomycetidae
Ordo: Glomerellales

Familia: Glomerellaceae
Genus: Colletotrichum
Species: C. acerbum – C. aenigma – C. aeschynomenes – C. alatae – C. alienum – C. annellatum – C. aotearoa – C. australe – C. beeveri – C. bletillae – C. boninense – C. brassicicola – C. brasiliense – C. brisbanense – C. caudisporum – C. cereale – C. clidemiae – C. colombiense – C. constrictum – C. cosmi – C. costaricense – C. cuscutae – C. cymbidiicola – C. dacrycarpi – C. destructivum – C. duyunense – C. endophytum – C. excelsum-altitudinum – C. gloeosporioides – C. grevilleae – C. guajavae – C. guizhouense – C. horii – C. indonesiense – C. johnstonii – C. kahawae – C. karsti – C. kinghornii – C. laticiphilum – C. limetticola – C. liriopes – C. lupini – C. melonis – C. miscanthi – C. novae-zelandiae – C. ochraceae – C. oncidii – C. orchidophilum – C. parsonsiae – C. paxtonii – C. petchii – C. phyllanthi – C. pseudoacutatum – C. pyricola – C. queenslandicum – C. rhombiforme – C. salicis – C. salsolae – C. scovillei – C. serranegrense – C. sloanei – C. tamarilloi – C. ti – C. tofieldiae – C. torulosum – C. vitis – C. vittalense – C. walleri – C. wanningense – C. watphraense – C. wuxiense – C. wuxuhaiense – C. xanthorrhoeae – C. xishuangbannaense – C. yuanjiangense – C. yulongense – C. yunnanense – C. zhaoqingense – C. zhejiangense – C. zoysiae
Name

Colletotrichum

References

Cai, L. et al. 2009: A polyphasic approach for studying Colletotrichum. Fungal diversity 39: 183–204. PDF Reference page.
Damm, U., Cannon, P.F., Woudenberg, J.H.C., Johnston, P.R., Weir, B.S., Tan, Y.P., Shivas, R.G. & Crous, P.W. 2012. The Colletotrichum boninense species complex. Studies in Mycology 73: 1–36. DOI: 10.3114/sim0002 Open access. ResearchGate Open access. Reference page.
Damm, U., Cannon, P.F., Woudenberg, J.H.C. & Crous, P.W. 2012. The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Studies in mycology 73: 37–113. DOI: 10.3114/sim0010 Open access. ResearchGate Open access. Reference page.
Hyde, K.D. et al. 2009: Colletotrichum - names in current use. Fungal diversity 39: 147–183. PDF PDF Reference page.
Weir, B.S.; Johnston, P.R.; Damm, U. 2012: The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. Studies in mycology 73(1): 115-180. DOI: 10.3114/sim0011 Reference page.

Colletotrichum (sexual stage: Glomerella) is a genus of fungi that are symbionts to plants as endophytes (living within the plant) or phytopathogens. Many of the species in this genus are plant pathogens, but some species may have a mutualistic relationship with hosts.[1]
History

The history of the Colletotrichum genus is a case study on the tension between the lumpers and splitters.[2] While the genus Colletotrichum was first proposed in 1831,[3] the exact definition of Colletotrichum and the species that belong in this genus has been in flux ever since.[4] The biggest recent shift has been from a definition (of both the genus and the species within it) based on morphology to a definition based on a combination of morphology and molecular phylogenetics.[5][4] The use of molecular phylogenetics has led to a huge increase in the number of recognized species in this genus, and the species are now organized into species complexes that usually have the name of their most widely known species. The name of a species when referring its namesake species complex will often have the suffix s.l. or sensu lato (in the broad sense) while that same name when referring to the specific species within the species complex will have the suffix of s.s. or sensu stricto (in the strict sense).

The most recent assessment of this genus identifies 248 species, most of which are categorized into 14 species complexes.[6] If history is any indicator of the future, then the list of species complexes and species within this genus will continue to be redefined and reorganized as more information becomes available.
Species and species complexes
Colletotrichum acutatum species complex [7]

Colletotrichum abscissum
Colletotrichum acerbum
Colletotrichum acutatum sensu stricto
Colletotrichum arboricola
Colletotrichum australe
Colletotrichum brisbanense
Colletotrichum cairnsense
Colletotrichum carthami
Colletotrichum chrysanthemi
Colletotrichum citri
Colletotrichum cosmi
Colletotrichum costaricense
Colletotrichum cuscutae
Colletotrichum eriobotryae
Colletotrichum fioriniae
Colletotrichum godetiae
Colletotrichum guajavae
Colletotrichum indonesiense
Colletotrichum javanense
Colletotrichum johnstonii
Colletotrichum kinghornii
Colletotrichum laticiphilum
Colletotrichum lauri
Colletotrichum limetticola
Colletotrichum lupini
Colletotrichum melonis
Colletotrichum nymphaeae
Colletotrichum paranaense
Colletotrichum paxtonii
Colletotrichum phormii
Colletotrichum pyricola
Colletotrichum rhombiforme
Colletotrichum roseum
Colletotrichum salicis
Colletotrichum scovillei
Colletotrichum simmondsii
Colletotrichum sloanei
Colletotrichum tamarilloi
Colletotrichum walleri
Colletotrichum wanningense

Colletotrichum agaves species complex [6]

Colletotrichum agaves sensu stricto
Colletotrichum euphorbiae
Colletotrichum ledebouriae
Colletotrichum neosansevieriae
Colletotrichum sansevieriae

Colletotrichum boninense species complex [8]

Colletotrichum annellatum
Colletotrichum beeveri
Colletotrichum boninense sensu stricto
Colletotrichum brasiliense
Colletotrichum brassicicola
Colletotrichum camelliae-japonicae
Colletotrichum catinaense
Colletotrichum citricola
Colletotrichum colombiense
Colletotrichum condaoense
Colletotrichum constrictum
Colletotrichum cymbidiicola
Colletotrichum dacrycarpi
Colletotrichum doitungense
Colletotrichum feijoicola
Colletotrichum hippeastri
Colletotrichum karstii
Colletotrichum limonicola
Colletotrichum novae-zelandiae
Colletotrichum oncidii
Colletotrichum parsonsiae
Colletotrichum petchii
Colletotrichum phyllanthi
Colletotrichum torulosum
Colletotrichum watphraense

Colletotrichum dematium species complex [9]

Colletotrichum anthrisci
Colletotrichum circinans
Colletotrichum dematium sensu stricto
Colletotrichum eryngiicola
Colletotrichum fructi
Colletotrichum hemerocallidis
Colletotrichum insertae
Colletotrichum jinshuiense
Colletotrichum kakivorum
Colletotrichum lineola
Colletotrichum menispermi
Colletotrichum orchidis
Colletotrichum parthenocissicola
Colletotrichum sambucicola
Colletotrichum sedi
Colletotrichum sonchicola
Colletotrichum spinaciae

Colletotrichum destructivum species complex [10]

Colletotrichum americae-borealis
Colletotrichum antirrhinicola
Colletotrichum atractylodicola
Colletotrichum bryoniicola
Colletotrichum destructivum sensu stricto
Colletotrichum fuscum
Colletotrichum higginsianum
Colletotrichum lentis
Colletotrichum lini
Colletotrichum ocimi
Colletotrichum panacicola
Colletotrichum pisicola
Colletotrichum shisoi
Colletotrichum tabacum
Colletotrichum tanaceti
Colletotrichum utrechtense
Colletotrichum vignae

Colletotrichum dracaenophilum species complex [11]

Colletotrichum cariniferi
Colletotrichum coelogynes
Colletotrichum dracaenophilum sensu stricto
Colletotrichum excelsum-altitudinum
Colletotrichum parallelophorum
Colletotrichum tongrenense
Colletotrichum tropicicola
Colletotrichum yunnanense

Colletotrichum gigasporum species complex [12]

Colletotrichum arxii
Colletotrichum chiangraiense
Colletotrichum gigasporum sensu stricto
Colletotrichum jishouense
Colletotrichum magnisporum
Colletotrichum pseudomajus
Colletotrichum radicis
Colletotrichum serranegrense
Colletotrichum vietnamense

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex [13]

Colletotrichum aenigma
Colletotrichum aeschynomenes
Colletotrichum alatae
Colletotrichum alienum
Colletotrichum aotearoa
Colletotrichum arecicola
Colletotrichum artocarpicola
Colletotrichum asianum
Colletotrichum avicenniae[14]
Colletotrichum camelliae
Colletotrichum changpingense
Colletotrichum chrysophillum
Colletotrichum cigarro
Colletotrichum clidemiae
Colletotrichum cobbittiense
Colletotrichum conoides
Colletotrichum cordylinicola
Colletotrichum endophytica
Colletotrichum fragariae
Colletotrichum fructicola
Colletotrichum fructivorum
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu stricto
Colletotrichum grevilleae
Colletotrichum grossum
Colletotrichum hebeiense
Colletotrichum hederiicola
Colletotrichum helleniense
Colletotrichum henanense
Colletotrichum horii
Colletotrichum hystricis
Colletotrichum jiangxiense
Colletotrichum kahawae
Colletotrichum lumnitzerae
Colletotrichum makassarense
Colletotrichum musae
Colletotrichum noveboracense
Colletotrichum nupharicola
Colletotrichum perseae
Colletotrichum proteae
Colletotrichum pseudotheobromicola
Colletotrichum psidii
Colletotrichum queenslandicum
Colletotrichum rhexiae
Colletotrichum salsolae
Colletotrichum siamense
Colletotrichum syzygiicola
Colletotrichum tainanense
Colletotrichum temperatum
Colletotrichum theobromicola
Colletotrichum ti
Colletotrichum tropicale
Colletotrichum viniferum
Colletotrichum wuxiense
Colletotrichum xanthorrhoeae
Colletotrichum yulongense

Colletotrichum graminicola-caudatum species complex [6]

Colletotrichum alcornii
Colletotrichum axonopodi
Colletotrichum baltimorense
Colletotrichum caudasporum
Colletotrichum caudatum sensu stricto
Colletotrichum cereale
Colletotrichum duyunensis
Colletotrichum echinochloae
Colletotrichum eleusines
Colletotrichum endophytum
Colletotrichum eremochloae
Colletotrichum falcatum
Colletotrichum graminicola sensu stricto
Colletotrichum hainanense
Colletotrichum hanaui
Colletotrichum jacksonii
Colletotrichum miscanthi
Colletotrichum navitas
Colletotrichum nicholsonii
Colletotrichum ochracea
Colletotrichum paspali
Colletotrichum somersetense
Colletotrichum sublineola
Colletotrichum zoysiae

Colletotrichum magnum species complex [11]

Colletotrichum brevisporum
Colletotrichum cacao
Colletotrichum liaoningense
Colletotrichum lobatum
Colletotrichum magnum sensu stricto
Colletotrichum merremiae
Colletotrichum okinawense
Colletotrichum panamense

Colletotrichum orbiculare species complex [6]

Colletotrichum bidentis
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
Colletotrichum malvarum
Colletotrichum orbiculare sensu stricto
Colletotrichum sidae
Colletotrichum spinosum
Colletotrichum tebeestii
Colletotrichum trifolii

Colletotrichum orchidearum species complex [11]

Colletotrichum aracearum
Colletotrichum cattleyicola
Colletotrichum cliviicola
Colletotrichum musicola
Colletotrichum orchidearum sensu stricto
Colletotrichum piperis
Colletotrichum plurivorum
Colletotrichum sojae
Colletotrichum vittalense

Colletotrichum spaethianum species complex [9]

Colletotrichum bletillum
Colletotrichum guizhouensis
Colletotrichum incanum
Colletotrichum lilii
Colletotrichum liriopes
Colletotrichum riograndense
Colletotrichum spaethianum sensu stricto
Colletotrichum tofieldiae
Colletotrichum verruculosum

Colletotrichum truncatum species complex [9]

Colletotrichum acidae
Colletotrichum curcumae
Colletotrichum fusiforme
Colletotrichum jasminigenum
Colletotrichum truncatum sensu stricto

Singleton species [6]

Colletotrichum chlorophyti
Colletotrichum coccodes
Colletotrichum hsienjenchang
Colletotrichum metake
Colletotrichum nigrum
Colletotrichum phaseolorum
Colletotrichum pyrifoliae
Colletotrichum rusci
Colletotrichum sydowii
Colletotrichum trichellum

Species names that are no longer valid or have been synonymized

Colletotrichum arachidis
Colletotrichum capsici
Colletotrichum coffeanum
Colletotrichum crassipes
Colletotrichum derridis
Colletotrichum gossypii
Colletotrichum mangenotii
Colletotrichum pandanicola
Colletotrichum sublineolum

References

Rodriguez, R.; Redman, R. (2008). "More than 400 million years of evolution and some plants still can't make it on their own: plant stress tolerance via fungal symbiosis". Journal of Experimental Botany. 59 (5): 1109–1114. doi:10.1093/jxb/erm342. PMID 18267941.
Hyde, Kevin David, Lei Cai, E. H. C. McKenzie, Y. L. Yang, J. Z. Zhang, and H. Prihastuti (2009). "Colletotrichum : a catalogue of confusion" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 39.
August Carl Joseph, Corda (1831). Sturm, Jakob (ed.). Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen (in German). Vol. 3. Nürnberg, Germany. pp. 33–64.
Cannon, P.F.; Damm, U.; Johnston, P.R.; Weir, B.S. (2012). "Colletotrichum – current status and future directions". Studies in Mycology. 73 (1): 181–213. doi:10.3114/sim0014. PMC 3458418. PMID 23136460.
Cai, L., Hyde, K.D., Taylor, P.W.J., Weir, B.S., Waller, J., Abang, M.M., Zhang, J.Z., Yang, Y.L., Phoulivong, S., Liu, Z.Y., Prihastuti, H., Shivas, R.G., McKenzie, E.H.C. and Johnston, P.R. (2009). "A polyphasic approach for studying Colletotrichum" (PDF). Fungal Diversity. 39: 183–204.
Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S.; Phukhamsakda, Chayanard; Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.; Jeewon, Rajesh; Promputtha, Itthayakorn; Hyde, Kevin D. (2021). "Investigating species boundaries in Colletotrichum". Fungal Diversity. 107 (1): 107–127. doi:10.1007/s13225-021-00471-z. ISSN 1878-9129. S2CID 233617783.
Damm, U.; Cannon, P.F.; Woudenberg, J.H.C.; Crous, P.W. (2012). "The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex". Studies in Mycology. 73 (1): 37–113. doi:10.3114/sim0010. PMC 3458416. PMID 23136458.
Damm, U.; Cannon, P.F.; Woudenberg, J.H.C.; Johnston, P.R.; Weir, B.S.; Tan, Y.P.; Shivas, R.G.; Crous, P.W. (2012). "The Colletotrichum boninense species complex". Studies in Mycology. 73 (1): 1–36. doi:10.3114/sim0002. PMC 3458415. PMID 23136457.
Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Damm U, Cai L, Liu M, Li XH, Zhang W, Zhao WS, and Yan JY (2016). "Notes on currently accepted species of Colletotrichum" (PDF). Mycosphere. 7 (8): 1192–1260. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/si/2c/9.
Damm, U.; O'Connell, R. J.; Groenewald, J. Z.; Crous, P. W. (2014). "The Colletotrichum destructivum species complex – hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops". Studies in Mycology. 79: 49–84. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.003. ISSN 0166-0616. PMC 4255528. PMID 25492986.
Damm, U.; Sato, T.; Alizadeh, A.; Groenewald, J.Z.; Crous, P.W. (2018). "The Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, C. magnum and C. orchidearum species complexes". Studies in Mycology. 90 (1): 71–118. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2017.11.002. ISSN 0166-0616. PMC 5738211. PMID 29276320. S2CID 37921559.
Liu, F.; Cai, L.; Crous, P.W.; Damm, U. (2014). "The Colletotrichum gigasporum species complex". Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi. 33 (1): 83–97. doi:10.3767/003158514X684447. PMC 4312939. PMID 25737595.
Weir, B.S.; Johnston, P.R.; Damm, U. (2012). "The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex". Studies in Mycology. 73 (1): 115–180. doi:10.3114/sim0011. PMC 3458417. PMID 23136459.

Aumentado, H. D. R., Armand, A., Phukhamsakda, C., Hyde, K. D., Jones, E. G., & Jayawardena, R. S. (2024). Polyphasic identification of two novel Colletotrichum species causing leaf spots on mangroves in Thailand. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 1-27.doi:10.1007/s10658-024-02819-y