Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Parazoa
Phylum: Porifera
Classis: Calcarea
Subclassis: Calcaronea
Ordo: Leucosoleniida
Familia: Sycettidae
Genus: Sycon
Species (86): S. abyssale – S. acanthoxea – S. album – S. ampulla – S. ancora – S. antarcticum – S. arcticum – S. australe – S. avus – S. barbadense – S. bellum – S. boreale – S. brasiliense – S. calcaravis – S. caminatum – S. capricorn – S. carteri – S. ciliatum – S. coactum – S. compactum – S. conulosum – S. cylindricum – S. defendens – S. digitiforme – S. dunstervillia – S. eglintonense – S. elegans – S. ensiferum – S. escanabense – S. faulkneri – S. formosum – S. frustulosum – S. gelatinosum – S. giganteum – S. globulatum – S. grantioides – S. helleri – S. hozawai – S. huinayense – S. humboldti – S. inconspicuum – S. incrustans – S. karajakense – S. kerguelense – S. lambei – S. lendenfeldi – S. lingua – S. lunulatum – S. luteolum – S. magnapicale – S. matsushimense – S. mexico – S. minutum – S. misakiense – S. mundulum – S. munitum – S. natalense – S. okadai – S. ornatum – S. oscari – S. parvulum – S. pedicellatum – S. pentactinale – S. plumosum – S. proboscideum – S. protectum – S. pulchrum – S. quadrangulatum – S. ramsayi – S. raphanus – S. rotundum – S. satsumense – S. scaldiense – S. schmidti – S. schuffneri – S. setosum – S. simushirense – S. stauriferum – S. subhispidum – S. sycandra – S. tuba – S. urugamii – S. verum – S. vigilans – S. villosum – S. yatsui
Name
Sycon Risso, 1827: 368
Type species: Sycon humboldti Risso, 1827, by monotypy.
Synonyms
Syconella Schmidt, 1868: 29
Type species: Syconella quadrangulata schmidt, 1868, by monotypy.
Tenthrenodes Jenkin, 1908: 9 [synonymized by Dendy & Row (1913: 744)]
Type species: Tenthrenodes antarcticus Jenkin, 1908, by subsequent designation by Hooper & Wiedenmayer (1994).
Streptoconus Jenkin, 1908: 25 [synonymized by Dendy & Row (1913: 744)]
Type species: Streptoconus australis Jenkin, 1908, by monotypy.
References
Primary references
Risso, A. 1826–1827. Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe Méridionale et particulièrement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Levrault: Paris. 3(XVI): 1–480, 14 pls.
Schmidt, O. 1868. Die Spongien der Küste von Algier. Mit Nachträgen zu den Spongien des Adriatischen Meeres (Drittes Supplement). Wilhelm Engelmann: Leipzig. i–iv + 1–44, pls I–V. Reference page.
Jenkin, C.F. 1908. Porifera. III.–Calcarea. pp. 1–50, pls. XXVII–XXXVIII In National Antarctic Expedition, 1901–1904. Natural History. Volume IV. Zoology. Printed by Order of the Trustees of the British Museum: London. BHL Reference page.
Dendy, A. & Row, R.W.H. 1913. The Classification and Phylogeny of the Calcareous Sponges, with a Reference List of all the described Species, systematically arranged. Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology 83(3): 704–813. DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1913.tb06152.x Reference page.
Additional references
Ilan, M., Gugel, J., Galil, B. & Janussen, D. 2003. Small bathyal sponge species from east mediterranean revealed by a non-regular soft bottom sampling technique. Ophelia 57(3): 145–160. DOI: 10.1080/00785236.2003.10409511 Paywall Reference page.
Rossi, A.L., Farina, M., Borojevic, R. & Klautau, M. 2006. Occurrence of five-rayed spicules in a calcareous sponge: Sycon pentactinalis sp. nov. (Porifera: Calcarea). Cahiers de Biologie Marine 47(3): 261–270. DOI: 10.21411/CBM.A.8B47CAC6 Open access Reference page.
Azevedo, F., Hajdu, E., Willenz, P. & Klautau, M. 2009. New Records of Calcareous Sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from the Chilean coast. Zootaxa 2072: 1–30. Abstract & excerpt. Reference page.
Klautau, M., Imešek, M., Azevedo, F., Pleše, B., Nikolić, V. & Ćetković, H. 2016. Adriatic calcarean sponges (Porifera, Calcarea), with the description of six new species and a richness analysis. European Journal of Taxonomy 178: 1–52. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.178 Reference page.
Chagas, C. & Cavalcanti, F.F. 2017. Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) sampled on artificial substrates of a recreational marina in the Tropical Northeastern Brazilian coast. Zootaxa 4363(2): 203–224. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4363.2.2 Reference page.
van Soest, R.W.M. & de Voogd, N.J. 2018. Calcareous sponges of the Western Indian Ocean and Red Sea. Zootaxa 4426(1): 1–160. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4426.1.1. Open access Reference page.
Cóndor-Luján, B., Louzada, T., Hajdu, E. & Klautau, M. 2018. Morphological and molecular taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea) from Curaçao, Caribbean Sea. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183(3): 459–525. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx082 Reference page.
Links
Sycon in the World Register of Marine Species
Sycon is a genus of calcareous sponges belonging to the family Sycettidae. These sponges are small, growing up to 7.5 cm with a length from 2.5 to 7.5 cm, and are tube-shaped and often white to cream in colour. They are known to aquarium hobbyists as "Pineapple" or "Q-Tip" sponges, and are frequent "hitchhikers" accidentally brought in.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Sycon:[1]
Sycon abyssale Borojevic & raat-Kleeton, 1965
Sycon acanthoxea (Little, 1963)
Sycon album Tanita, 1942
Sycon ampulla (Haeckel, 1870)
Sycon antarcticum (Jenkin, 1908)
Sycon arcticum (Haeckel, 1870)
Sycon australe (Jenkin, 1908)
Sycon avus Chagas & Cavalcanti, 2017
Sycon barbadense (Schuffner, 1877)
Sycon bellum Chagas & Cavalcanti, 2017
Sycon boreale (Schuffner, 1877)
Sycon brasiliense Borojevic, 1971
Sycon calcaravis Hozawa, 1929
Sycon caminatum Thacker, 1908
Sycon capricorn Wörheide & Hooper, 2003
Sycon carteri Dendy, 1893
Sycon ciliatum (Fabricius, 1780)
Sycon coactum (Urban, 1906)
Sycon compactum Lambe, 1893
Sycon conulosum Cóndor-Luján, Louzada, Hajdu & Klautau, 2018
Sycon cylindricum Tanita, 1942
Sycon defendens Borojevic, 1967
Sycon digitiforme Hozawa, 1929
Sycon dunstervillia (Haeckel, 1872)
Sycon eglintonense Lambe, 1900
Sycon elegans (Bowerbank, 1845)
Sycon ensiferum Dendy, 1893
Sycon escanabense Duplessis & Reiswig, 2000
Sycon faulkneri Ilan, Gugel, Galil & Janussen, 2003
Sycon formosum (Haeckel, 1870)
Sycon frustulosum Borojevic & Peixinho, 1976
Sycon gelatinosum (Blainville, 1834)
Sycon giganteum Dendy, 1893
Sycon globulatum Hozawa, 1929
Sycon grantioides Dendy, 1916
Sycon helleri (Lendenfeld, 1891)
Sycon hozawai Breitfuss, 1932
Sycon huinayense Azevedo, Hajdu, Willenz & Klautau, 2009
Sycon humboldti Risso, 1826 type species
Sycon inconspicuum (Lendenfeld, 1885)
Sycon incrustans Breitfuss, 1898
Sycon karajakense Breitfuss, 1897
Sycon kerguelense Urban, 1908
Sycon lambei Dendy & Row, 1913
Sycon lendenfeldi Row & Hozawa, 1932
Sycon lingua (Haeckel, 1870)
Sycon lunulatum (Haeckel, 1872)
Sycon luteolum Tanita, 1942
Sycon magnapicale Cóndor-Luján, Louzada, Hajdu & Klautau, 2018
Sycon matsushimense Tanita, 1940
Sycon mexico Hozawa, 1940
Sycon minutum Dendy, 1893
Sycon misakiense Hozawa, 1929
Sycon mundulum Lambe, 1900
Sycon munitum Jenkin, 1908
Sycon natalense Borojevic, 1967
Sycon okadai Hozawa, 1929
Sycon ornatum Kirk, 1898
Sycon oscari Van Soest & De Voogd, 2018
Sycon parvulum (Preiwisch, 1904)
Sycon pedicellatum Kirk, 1911
Sycon pentactinalis Rossi, Farina, Borojevic & Klautau, 2006
Sycon plumosum Tanita, 1943
Sycon proboscideum Breitfuss, 1898
Sycon proboscideum (Haeckel, 1870)
Sycon protectum Lambe, 1896
Sycon pulchrum Tanita, 1943
Sycon quadrangulatum (Schmidt, 1868)
Sycon ramsayi (Lendenfeld, 1885)
Sycon raphanus Schmidt, 1862
Sycon rotundum Tanita, 1941
Sycon satsumense Hozawa, 1929
Sycon scaldiense (Van Koolwijk, 1982)
Sycon schmidti (Haeckel, 1872)
Sycon schuffneri Dendy & Row, 1913
Sycon setosum Schmidt, 1862
Sycon simushirense Hozawa, 1918
Sycon stauriferum (Preiwisch, 1904)
Sycon subhispidum (Carter, 1886)
Sycon sycandra (Lendenfeld, 1895)
Sycon tuba Lendenfeld, 1891
Sycon urugamii Tanita, 1940
Sycon verum Row & Hozawa, 1931
Sycon vigilans Sarà & Gaino, 1971
Sycon villosum (Haeckel, 1870)
Sycon yatsui Hozawa, 1929
References
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
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