Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Parazoa
Phylum: Porifera
Classis: Calcarea
Subclassis: Calcaronea
Ordo: Leucosoleniida
Familiae: Achramorphidae - Amphoriscidae - Grantiidae - Heteropiidae - Jenkinidae - Lelapiidae - Leucosoleniidae - Sycanthidae - Sycettidae
Name
Leucosoleniida Hartman, 1958
References
Primary references
Hartman, W.D. 1958. Re-examination of Bidder's classification of the Calcarea. Systematic Zoology 7(3): 55–110.
Leucosolenida is an order of sponges in the class Calcarea and the subclass Calcaronea.[1] Species in Leucosolenida are calcareous, with a skeleton composed exclusively of free spicules without calcified non-spicular reinforcements.[2][3]
According to Systema Porifera (2002), Lucosolenida contains 9 families, ranging from fully asconoid forms (Leucosoleniidae) to fully leuconoid forms. These body plans are on a continuum based on an increasingly complex skeletal system and compartmentalized choanocytes.[3] A few sources (such as the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, 2004) place non-asconoid families into a separate order, Sycettida.[4] Leucosolenids have a poor fossil record, with only a few ambiguous grantiid fossils reported from the Jurassic and Carboniferous.[4]
Families
Achramorphidae Borojevic et al., 2002 (formerly known as Staurorrhaphidae)[2]
Amphoriscidae Dendy, 1892
Grantiidae Dendy, 1892
Heteropiidae Dendy, 1892
Jenkinidae Borojevic et al., 2000
Lelapiidae? Dendy & Row, 1913
Leucosoleniidae Minchin, 1900
Sycanthidae Lendenfeld, 1891
Sycettidae Dendy, 1892 (sometimes known as Syconidae)[1]
References
"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Leucosolenida". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
Borojevic, Radovan; Boury-Esnault, Nicole; Vacelet, Jean (2000). "A revision of the supraspecific classification of the subclass Calcaronea (Porifera, class Calcarea)" (PDF). Zoosystematica. 22 (2): 203–263.
Borojevic, Radovan; Boury-Esnault, Nicole; Manuel, Michaël; Vacelet, Jean (2002), Hooper, John N. A.; Van Soest, Rob W. M.; Willenz, Philippe (eds.), "Order Leucosolenida Hartman, 1958", Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges, Boston, MA: Springer US, pp. 1157–1184, doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_120, ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5, retrieved 2023-04-28
Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised. Porifera, Volume 3: Classes Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida & Calcarea, xxxi + 872 p., 506 fig., 1 table, 2004, available here. ISBN 0-8137-3131-3.
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