Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Superfamilia Incertae sedis: Cerithioidea
Familia: Turritellidae
Subfamilia: Turritellinae
Genus: Turritella
Species: T. acropora – T. anactor – T. clorionensis – T. communis – T. cooperi – T. exoleta – T. hookeri – T. jewetti – T. lentiginosa – T. leucostoma – T. lindae – T. mariana – T. nodulosa – T. orthosymmetrica – T. parkeri – T. variegata – T. willetti – T. yucatecanum
Name
Turritella Lamarck, 1799
References
Turritella – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Turritella – Taxon details on National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).
Turritella is a genus of medium-sized sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Turritellidae.[3]
They have tightly coiled shells, whose overall shape is basically that of an elongated cone.
The name Turritella comes from the Latin word turritus meaning "turreted" or "towered" and the diminutive suffix -ella.[4]
Species
Valid
Valid species within the genus Turritella are listed below. Fossil species are marked with a dagger "†".
Turritella acropora (Dall, 1889)[5]
Turritella albolapis Finlay, 1924[6]
Turritella algida Melvill & Standen, 1912[7]
Turritella anactor Berry, 1957[8]
Turritella annulata Kiener, 1843[9]
† Turritella apicalis - Pleistocene of Florida
Turritella attenuata Reeve, 1849[10]
Turritella aurocincta Martens, 1875[11]
Turritella bacillum Kiener, 1843[12]
† Turritella badensis - Cenozoic of Denmark, Germany and Poland[13]
Turritella banksii Gray in Reeve, 1849[14]
Turritella bayeri Petuch, 2001[15]
Turritella bicingulata Lamarck, 1822[16]
Turritella broderipiana d'Orbigny, 1840[17]
Turritella caelata Mörch in Dunker, 1858
Turritella capensis (Krauss, 1848)[18]
Turritella carinifera Lamarck, 1822[19]
Turritella chordata Suter, 1908[20]
Turritella chrysotoxa Tomlin, 1825[21]
Turritella cingulata Sowerby, 1825
Turritella cingulifera G.B. Sowerby I, 1825[22]
Turritella clarionensis Hertlein & Strong, 1951[23]
Turritella cochlea Reeve, 1849[24]
Turritella columnaris Kiener, 1843[25]
Turritella communis Risso, 1826[26]
Turritella concava Martens, 1880[27]
Turritella conofasciata (Sacco 1895)[28]
Turritella conspersa Adams & Reeve, 1850[29]
Turritella cooperi Carpenter, 1864[30]
Turritella cornea Lamarck, 1822[31]
Turritella couteaudi Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889[32]
† Turritella crenulata Nyst, 1844
Turritella crocea Kiener, 1843[33]
† Turritella cruzadoi DeVries, 2007[34]
Turritella decipiens Monterosato, 1878[35]
Turritella declivis Adams & Reeve, 1850
Turritella dirkhartogensis (Garrard, 1972)[36]
Turritella duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758)[37]
Turritella dura Mörch, 1860[38]
Turritella elachista Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889[39]
Turritella exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758)[40]
Turritella fastigiata Adams & Reeve, 1850[41]
Turritella ferruginea Reeve, 1849[42]
Turritella fultoni Melvill & Standen, 1901[43]
Turritella fuscomaculata Bozzetti, 2009[44]
Turritella gemmata Reeve, 1849[45]
Turritella gonostoma Valenciennes, 1832[46]
Turritella hastula Reeve, 1849[47]
Turritella hookeri Reeve, 1849[48]
Turritella incisa Reeve, 1849[49]
† Turritella incrassata - Pliocene of Belgium
Turritella knysnaensis Krauss, 1848[50]
Turritella leeuwinensis (Garrard, 1972)[51]
Turritella lentiginosa Reeve, 1849[52]
Turritella leucostoma Valenciennes, 1832[53]
Turritella ligar Deshayes, 1843[54]
Turritella lindae (Petuch, 1987)[55]
Turritella lyonsi Garcia, 2006[56]
Turritella maculata Reeve, 1849[57]
Turritella marianopsis Petuch, 1990[58]
Turritella minuta Turton, 1932 [59]
Turritella monilifera Adams & Reeve, 1850[60]
Turritella monterosatoi Kobelt, 1887[61]
Turritella nebulosa Kiener, 1843[62]
Turritella nodulosa King & Broderip, 1832[63]
Turritella praetermissa (Dautzenberg, 1912)[64]
Turritella punctata Kiener, 1843[65]
Turritella radula Kiener, 1843[66]
Turritella reevei Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906
† Turritella riverae DeVries, 2007[34]
Turritella rubescens Reeve, 1849[67]
† Turritella salasi DeVries, 2007[34]
Turritella sanguinea Reeve, 1849[68]
Turritella sedanensis (Martin 1905)[28]
† Turritella steiningeri Harzhauser, 2007[28]
Turritella terebra (Linnaeus, 1758)[69]
† Turritella terebralis Lamarck, 1799[70][71]
Turritella torulosa Kiener, 1843[72]
† Turritella trempina - Pliocene
Turritella triplicata Philippi, 1836[73]
Turritella turbona Monterosato, 1877[74]
† Turritella turris - Early Miocene of Central Europe
Turritella ungulina (Linnaeus, 1758)[75]
Turritella variegata (Linnaeus, 1758)[76]
Turritella vermicularis (Brocchi, 1814)[77]
† Turritella vertebroides Morton, 1834[78] - Late Cretaceous of South of North America
Turritella wareni Ryall & Vos, 2010[79]
Turritella willetti McLean, 1970[80]
Turritella yucatecana (Dall, 1881)[81]
A medium sized sea snail in a genus India
Invalid
Numerous shells of a Turritella species washed up on the beach at Playa Grande, Costa Rica
Detail of a fossilized Turritella tricarinata
These are species assigned to Turritella that were brought into synonymy with other taxa:
Turritella (Torcula) Gray, 1847: synonym of Turritella Lamarck, 1799
Turritella (Torcula) cochlea Reeve, 1849: synonym of Turritella cochlea Reeve, 1849
Turritella acicula Stimpson, 1851: synonym of Turritellopsis stimpsoni (Dall, 1919)
Turritella alternata Say, 1822: synonym of Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822)
† Turritella andenensis Otuka, 1934: synonym of Neohaustator andenensis (Otuka, 1934)
Turritella aquila Reeve, 1849: synonym of Turritella conspersa Adams & Reeve, 1850
Turritella areolata Stimpson, 1851: synonym of Tachyrhynchus reticulatus (Mighels & Adams, 1842)
Turritella auricincta Martens, 1875:[82] synonym of Turritella aurocincta Martens, 1875
Turritella bicolor Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of Turritella cingulifera G.B. Sowerby I, 1825
Turritella brevialis Lamarck, 1822: synonym of Mesalia brevialis (Lamarck, 1822)
Turritella canaliculata Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of Turritella cingulifera G.B. Sowerby I, 1825
Turritella candida Reeve, 1849: synonym of Turritella gemmata Reeve, 1849
Turritella cingulata Sowerby, 1825[83] is a synonym of Incatella cingulata (Sowerby, 1825)[34]
Turritella concava Say, 1826: synonym of Terebra concava (Say, 1826)
Turritella congelata Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of Colpospira congelata (Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Turritella costulata Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of Acirsa borealis (Lyell, 1841)
Turritella costulata Møller, 1842: synonym of Eumetula arctica (Mørch, 1857)
Turritella crenulata (Donald, 1900): synonym of Colpospira joannae (Hedley, 1923)
Turritella erosa Couthouy, 1838: synonym of Tachyrhynchus erosus (Couthouy, 1838)
Turritella eschrichti Hölböll in Möller, 1842: synonym of Acirsa borealis (Lyell, 1841)
Turritella excavata G. B. Sowerby III, 1870: synonym of Turritella declivis Adams & Reeve in Reeve, 1849
Turritella flammulata Kiener, 1843-44: synonym ofTurritella ligar Deshayes, 1843
Turritella fortilirata G. B. Sowerby III, 1914:[84] synonym of Neohaustator fortilirata (G. B. Sowerby III, 1914)
Turritella gracillima Gould, 1860:[85] synonym of Turritella cingulifera G. B. Sowerby I, 1825
Turritella granosa Quoy & Gaimard, 1834: synonym of Opalia granosa (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)
Turritella imbricata (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Turritella variegata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turritella knysnaensis Krauss, 1848: synonym of Turritella capensis (Krauss, 1848)
Turritella lactea Möller, 1842: synonym of Mesalia lactea (Möller, 1842)
† Turritella maiquetiana Weisbord, 1962: synonym of Turritella paraguanensis Hodson, 1926
Turritella mediolevis Verco, 1910: synonym of Colpospira mediolevis (Verco, 1910)
Turritella meta Reeve, 1849:[86] synonym of Turritella gemmata
Turritella monterosatoi Kobelt, 1887: synonym of Turritella turbona Monterosato, 1877
Turritella nzimaorum Ryall & Vos, 2010:[87] synonym of Turritella caelata Mörch in Dunker, 1858
Turritella opalina Adams & Reeve, 1850: synonym of Mesalia opalina (Adams & Reeve, 1850)
Turritella opulenta Hedley, 1907: synonym of Glyptozaria opulenta (Hedley, 1907)
Turritella paraguanensis Hodson, 1926: synonym of Turritella variegata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Turritella philippi Aradas, 1842: synonym of Acirsa subdecussata (Cantraine, 1835)
Turritella polaris Möller, 1842: synonym of Tachyrhynchus erosus (Couthouy, 1838)
Turritella spina Crosse & Fischer, 1864: synonym of Cingulina spina (Crosse & Fischer, 1864)
Turritella reticulata Mighels & Adams, 1842: synonym of Tachyrhynchus reticulatus (Mighels & Adams, 1842)
Turritella spirata Sowerby I, 1825: synonym of Eglisia spirata (Sowerby I, 1825)
Turritella symmetrica Hutton, 1873: synonym of Stiracolpus symmetricus (Hutton, 1873)
Turritella trisulcata Lamarck, 1822:[88] synonym of Turritella vermicularis
Turritella yucatecanum Dall, 1881: synonym of Turritella yucatecana (Dall, 1881)
Fossil species
Fossil specimens of Turritella incrassata
The genus is known from the Cretaceous to the Recent periods.[89]
The shells are quite frequently found as fossils, and the carbonate stone made from large quantities of Turritella shells is often referred to as "Turritella limestone", or, if silicified, "Turritella agate". Both varieties of this stone are commonly sold as polished cabochons.
"Turritella agate"
Turritella agate, in which the fossils are a different genus
One variety of "Turritella agate", that from the Green River Formation in Wyoming, is a fossiliferous rock which does indeed contain numerous high-spired snail shells. However, contrary to the common name, these snails are not in the marine genus Turritella, instead they are freshwater snails in the species Elimia tenera, family Pleuroceridae from the Eocene epoch.[90] The rock in which these snail shells are so abundant varies from a soft sandstone to a dense chalcedony. This dense silicified rock is popular with gem and mineral hobbyists, as well as with New Age practitioners.
Turritellenplatte
The Erminger Turritellenplatte ("Turritella plate of Ermingen") near Ulm, Germany[91] is a rocky outcrop situated in the northern part of the North Alpine Foreland Basin. It is famous for its superabundance of Turritella turris shells within its sediments[92] and dates from the Burdigalian.
References
Caenogastropoda in Man and Mollusc
Shiladri S. Das; Sandip Saha; Subhendu Bardhan; Sumanta Mallick; Warren D. Allmon (2018). "The oldest turritelline gastropods: from the Oxfordian (Upper Jurassic) of Kutch, India". Journal of Paleontology. 92 (3): 373–387. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.89. S2CID 135438872.
Lamarck J.-B. (1799). Mém. Soc. Hist. nat. Paris, 74.
Vos, C.; Gofas, S. (2013). Turritella Lamarck, 1799. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138615 on 2013-06-02
Webster's New Universal Unabridged Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1979.
Turritella acropora (Dall, 1889). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella albolapis Finlay, 1924. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella algida Melvill & Standen, 1912. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella anactor Berry, 1957. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella annulata Kiener, 1843. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella attenuata Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella aurocincta Martens, 1875. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella bacillum Kiener, 1843. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella badensis at the online fossil gallery of Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo
Turritella banksii Gray in Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella bayeri Petuch, 2001. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella bicingulata Lamarck, 1822. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella broderipiana d'Orbigny, 1840. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella capensis (Krauss, 1848). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella carinifera Lamarck, 1822. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella chordata Suter, 1908. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella chrysotoxa Tomlin, 1825. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella cingulifera G.B. Sowerby I, 1825. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella clarionensis Hertlein & Strong, 1951. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella cochlea Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella columnaris Kiener, 1843. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella communis Risso, 1826. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella concava Martens, 1880. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Harzhauser M. (2007). "Oligocene and Aquitanian gastropod faunas from the Sultanate of Oman and their biogeographic implications for the western Indo-Pacific". Palaeontographica Abteilung A 280: 75-121. PDF.
Turritella conspersa Adams & Reeve, 1850. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella cooperi Carpenter, 1864. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 23 October 2021.
Turritella cornea Lamarck, 1822. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella couteaudi Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella crocea Kiener, 1843. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
DeVries T. J. (2007). "Cenozoic Turritellidae (Gastropoda) from southern Peru". Journal of Paleontology 81(2): 331-351. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[331:CTGFSP2.0.CO;2].
Turritella decipiens Monterosato, 1878. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella dirkhartogensis (Garrard, 1972). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella dura Mörch, 1860. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella elachista Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella fastigiata Adams & Reeve, 1850. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella ferruginea Reeve , 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella fultoni Melvill & Standen, 1901. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella fuscomaculata Bozzetti, 2009. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella gemmata Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella gonostoma Valenciennes, 1832. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella hastula Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella hookeri Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella incisa Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella knysnaensis Krauss, 1848. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella leeuwinensis (Garrard, 1972). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella lentiginosa Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella leucostoma Valenciennes, 1832. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella ligar Deshayes, 1843. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella lindae (Petuch, 1987). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella lyonsi Garcia, 2006. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella maculata Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella marianopsis Petuch, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
WoRMS (2011). Turritella minuta Turton, 1932. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=536361 on 2012-06-29
Turritella monilifera Adams & Reeve, 1850. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella monterosatoi Kobelt, 1887. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella nebulosa Kiener, 1843. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella nodulosa King & Broderip, 1832. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella praetermissa (Dautzenberg, 1912). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella punctata Kiener, 1843. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella radula Kiener, 1843. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella rubescens Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella sanguinea Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella terebra (Linnaeus, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
"†Turritella terebralis Lamarck 1799 (turret shell)". The Paleobiology Database, accessed 40 January 2010.
(in Czech) Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn V. & Mikuláš R. (1996). Základy zoopaleontologie. Olomouc. ISBN 80-7067-599-3.
Turritella torulosa Kiener, 1843. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella triplicata Philippi, 1836. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella turbona Monterosato, 1877. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella ungulina (Linnaeus, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella variegata (Linnaeus, 1758). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella vermicularis (Brocchi, 1814). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
"†Turritella vertebroides Morton 1834 (turret shell)". The Paleobiology Database, accessed 40 January 2010.
Turritella wareni Ryall & Vos, 2010. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella willetti McLean, 1970. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella yucatecana (Dall, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella auricincta Martens, 1875. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella cingulata Sowerby, 1825. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella fortilirata G. B. Sowerby III, 1914. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella gracillima Gould, 1860. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella meta Reeve, 1849. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
Turritella nzimaorum Ryall & Vos, 2010. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 19 May 2010.
"Haustator Montfort, 1810". OBIS Indo-Pacific Molluscan Database, accessed 10 January 2011.
Mayr H. (199). A Guide to Fossils. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.
Burch, J. B. (1989). North American Freshwater Snails. Malacological Publications, Hamburg, Michigan,OCLC 20559611
(in German) Baier J. (2008). "Ein Beitrag zur Erminger Turritellenplatte (Mittlere Schwäbische Alb, SW-Deutschland)". ["Contribution on the Erminger Turritellenplatte"]. Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereines, Neue Folge, 90: 9-17. (with English abstract). HTML abstract Archived 2011-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
(in German) Baier J. (2008). "Über die Tertiärbildungen im Ulmer Raum" ["On Tertiary structures in the Ulm region"]. Documenta Naturae 168: 1-32.
External links
"1. Turritella bicolor; 2. Turritella congelata; 3. Turritella conspersa; 4. Turritella miltilirata; 5. Turritella vittulata; 6. Turritella monilifera; 7. Turritella opalina; 8. Eglisia tricarinata; 9. Turritella fastigiata; 10. Turritela declivis; 11. Turritella canaliculata", New York Public Library no-charge digital image available; image dated 1850.
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