Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Caenogastropoda
Superfamilia Incertae sedis: Triphoroidea
Familia: Triphoridae
Genera (41 + 1†): Aclophora – Aclophoropsis – Bouchetriphora – Cautor – Cheirodonta – Coriophora – Cosmotriphora – Costatophora – Differoforis – Euthymella – Eutriphora – Hedleytriphora – Hypotriphora – Inella – Iniforis – Isotriphora – Latitriphora – Liniphora – Litharium – Magnosinister – Marshallora – Mastonia – Mastoniaeforis – Metaxia – Monophorus – Nanaphora – Nototriphora – Obesula – Opimaphora – Pogonodon – Sagenotriphora – Seilarex – Similiphora – Strobiligera – Subulophora – Sychar – Talophora – Teretriphora – Triphora – Viriola – Viriolopsis – †Cautotriphora
Name
Triphoridae Gray, 1847
Synonyms
Triforidae (Misspelling)
Iniforinae Kosuge, 1966· accepted, alternate representation
Metaxiinae B. A. Marshall, 1977· accepted, alternate representation
Triphorinae Gray, 1847· accepted, alternate representation
References
Gray, J.E. 1847. A list of the genera of Recent Mollusca, their synonyms and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 15: 129–219. BHL Reference page.
Albano, P.G., Steger, J., Bakker, P.A.J., Bogi, C., Bošnjak, M., Guy-Haim, T., Huseyinoglu, M.F., LaFollette, P.I., Lubinevsy, H., Mulas, M., Stockinger, Azzarone, M. & Sabelli, B. 2021. Numerous new records of tropical non-indigenous species in the Eastern Mediterranean highlight the challenges of their recognition and identification. ZooKeys, 1010: 1–95. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1010.58759 Open access Reference page.
Fernandes, M.R. & Pimenta, A.D. 2019. Taxonomic review of Inella and Strobiligera (Gastropoda: Triphoridae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 4613(1): 1–52. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.1.1 Paywall Reference page.
Links
Triphoridae in the World Register of Marine Species
Triphoridae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the informal group Ptenoglossa, within the clade Hypsogastropoda. Almost all the species in this family are micromollusks and almost all are left-handed in shell-coiling.[1]
Distribution
Species of this family can be found worldwide, but the major part occurs in the Indo-Pacific Region. Most species live between the intertidal zone and offshore to a depth between 200 m to 500 mm (exceptionally below 1,000 m).
Shell description
The shells of triphorids are small (between 2 mm and 10 mm - exceptionally 50 mm) and extremely high-spired, with numerous narrow whorls which often have distinctive sculpture. The majority of species in this family are left-handed or sinistral.
Taxonomy
Facts about their taxonomy are rather scant, complicated by the high diversity and the intra- and inter-specific variability of the species. Most triphorid collections available in Museums of Natural History are still undescribed. [2]
The following subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi of 2005:
Iniforinae Kosuge, 1966
Metaxiinae Marshall, 1977
Triphorinae Gray, 1847
Gründel (1975), stated that the correct family name is Triforidae Jousseaume, 1884 and not Triphoridae, but this is only true when the genera Triforis and Triphora are placed in the same family (Kosuge, 1976). Marshall (1980) however stated that the two genera need to be placed in two different families: the Triforidae and the Triphoridae.[1] WoRMS do not recognise these 3 subfamilies and consider them alternative representation of Triphoridae.[1]
Genera
Genera within the family Triphoridae include:[3][4][5]
Aclophora Laseron, 1958
Aclophoropsis Marshall, 1983
Bouchetriphora Marshall, 1983
Cautor Finlay, 1927
Cautotriphora Laws, 1940
Cheirodonta Marshall, 1983
Coriophora Laseron, 1958
Cosmotriphora Olsson and Harbison, 1953
Costatophora B. A. Marshall, 1994
Differoforis Kosuge, 2008
Euthymella Thiele, 1929
Eutriphora Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
Hedleytriphora Marshall, 1983
Hypotriphora Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
Inella Bayle, 1879
Iniforis Jousseaume, 1884
Isotriphora Cotton & Godfrey, 1931
Latitriphora Marshall, 1983
Liniphora Laseron, 1958
Litharium Dall, 1924
Magnosinister Laseron, 1954
Marshallora Bouchet, 1985
Mastonia Hinds, 1843
Mastoniaeforis Jousseaume, 1884
Metaxia Monterosato, 1884
Monophorus Grillo, 1877
Nanaphora Laseron, 1958
Nototriphora Marshall, 1983
Obesula Jousseaume, 1897
Opimaphora Laseron, 1958
Pogonodon Bouchet, 1997
Sagenotriphora B.A. Marshall, 1983
Seilarex Iredale, 1924
Similiphora Bouchet, 1985
Strobiligera Dall, 1924
Subulophora Laseron, 1958
Sychar Hinds, 1843
Talophora Gründel, 1975
Teretriphora Finlay, 1927
Triphora Blainville, 1828[6]
Viriola Jousseaume, 1884
Viriolopsis Marshall, 1983
Genera brought into synonymy
Biforina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884 : synonym of Monophorus Grillo, 1877
Brucetriphora Beu, 2004: synonym of Costatophora B. A. Marshall, 1994
Distophora Laseron, 1958:synonym of Cautor Finlay, 1927
Epiforis Laseron, 1958:synonym of Mastoniaeforis Jousseaume, 1884
Euthymia Jousseaume, 1884:synonym of Euthymella Thiele, 1929
Ino Hinds, 1843:synonym of Inella Bayle, 1879
Macrosinister:synonym of Magnosinister Laseron, 1954
Mastoniaeformis [sic] : synonym of Mastoniaeforis Jousseaume, 1884
Mesophora Laseron, 1958: synonym of Coriophora Laseron, 1958
Notosinister Finlay, 1926: synonym of Monophorus Grillo, 1877
Orbitophora Laseron, 1958:synonym of Viriola Jousseaume, 1884
Risbecia Kosuge, 1966:synonym of Differoforis Kosuge, 2008
Sinistroseila W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Viriola Jousseaume, 1884
Solosinister Laseron, 1954:synonym of Viriola Jousseaume, 1884
Tetraphora Laseron, 1958:synonym of Brucetriphora Beu, 2004
Torresophora Laseron, 1958: synonym of Euthymella Thiele, 1929
Triforis Deshayes, 1834:synonym of Triphora Blainville, 1828
Triphoris:synonym of Triphora Blainville, 1828
References
Bouchet, P. (2012). Triphoridae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=131 on 2012-06-16
Albano & Bakker(2016), Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, with lectotype designations; Zoosyst. Evol. 92 (1) 2016, 33–78 |DOI 10.3897/zse.92.5936
"Triphoridae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
"Triphoridae". ZipCodeZoo. Retrieved 2017-12-28.
Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
Blainville (1828). Dict. Sci. Nat. 55: 344.
Fernandes M..R., Pimenta A.D. & Leal J.H., 2013. Taxonomic review of Triphorinae (Gastropoda: Triphoridae) from the Vitoria-Trindade Seamount Chain, southeastern Brazil. The Nautilus 127(1): 1-18
External links
Serge GOFAS, Ángel A. LUQUE, Joan Daniel OLIVER,José TEMPLADO & Alberto SERRA (2021) - The Mollusca of Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic Ocean); European Journal of Taxonomy 785: 1–114
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