Theodoxus danubialis (*)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Neritimorpha
Ordo: Cycloneritida
Superfamilia: Neritoidea
Familia: Neritidae
Subfamilia: Neritinae
Tribus: Theodoxini
Genus: Theodoxus
Species: T. danubialis
Theodoxus danubialis is a species of small freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Neritidae, the nerites. The species is considered as endangered in Germany, Austria and in the Czech Republic.
Two shells of Theodoxus danubialis from Germany
Etymology
The Latin name Theodoxus danubialis means "God's gift to the Danube" or "The praise of God in the Danube".
Subspecies
Theodoxus danubialis cantianus (Kennard & Woodward, 1924) †
Theodoxus danubialis danubialis (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
Theodoxus danubialis stragulatus (C. Pfeiffer, 1828)
[3]
Description
Shells of Theodoxus danubialis can reach a diameter of 9–13 millimetres (0.35–0.51 in). These shells are quite flattened, with 3-3.5 whorls. The surface has a characteristic dark brown zigzag drawing on a light background. The width of the zigzag lines is variable. The mouth is round to slightly elliptical. The operculum is pale yellow. The edge is brown and slightly thickened. The body of the snail is bright with a wide base. The antennae are long and pointed.
[4]
Distribution
The distribution of this species is Mediterranean and Pontic.[5] It occurs in Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic (in Moravia it is critically endangered),[6][7] Germany (in Bavaria only and it is critically endangered),[8] Hungary, Italy, Romania, Slovakia,[7] Slovenia, Ukraine, Serbia and Montenegro.[3][9][10]
Habitat
This species needs clean, oxygen-rich rivers. These snails live on hard benthic substrates,[4] typically rocks or stony ground and feed mainly on diatoms.
Bibliography
Peter Glöer: Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Mollusca I Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas Bestimmungsschlüssel, Lebensweise, Verbreitung. 2. neubearb. Aufl., 327 S., ConchBooks, Hackenheim 2002 ISBN 3-925919-60-0
Rosina Fechter und Gerhard Falkner: Weichtiere. 287 S., Mosaik-Verlag, München 1990 (Steinbachs Naturführer 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3
Jürgen H. Jungbluth und Dietrich von Knore: Trivialnamen der Land- und Süßwassermollusken Deutschlands (Gastropoda et Bivalvia). Mollusca, 26(1): 105-156, Dresden 2008 ISSN 1864-5127
References
2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Cited 14 June 2007.
Pfeiffer, 1828. Naturgeschichte deutscher Land- und Süsswasser-Mollusken. Vol. 3 (1828): 84 pp. + 8 tables. Weimar. (Landes-Industrie-Comptoir).
Biolib
PETER GLÖER and VLADIMIR PEŠIĆ The morphological plasticity of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neritidae)
(in Slovak) Lisický M. J. (1991). Mollusca Slovenska [The Slovak molluscs]. VEDA vydavateľstvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, Bratislava, 344 pp.
Red List of the molluscs (Mollusca) of the Czech Republic
(in Czech) Horsák M., Juřičková L., Beran L., Čejka T. & Dvořák L. (2010). "Komentovaný seznam měkkýšů zjištěných ve volné přírodě České a Slovenské republiky. [Annotated list of mollusc species recorded outdoors in the Czech and Slovak Republics]". Malacologica Bohemoslovaca, Suppl. 1: 1-37. PDF.
Glöer P. & Meier-Brook C. (2003) Süsswassermollusken. DJN, pp. 134, page 108, ISBN 3-923376-02-2
Fauna europaea
WMSDB – Worldwide Mollusc Species Data Base
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