The Taxonomy of the Gastropoda as revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is the most up-to-date system of classifying gastropods as of 2005. This system of taxonomy was set forth in a paper titled "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families", which was published in the journal Malacologia in 2005[1] written in collaboration with J. Frýda, B. Hausdorf, W. Ponder, Á. Valdés and A. Warén. This system supersedes the taxonomy set forth by Ponder and Lindberg in 1997. Subsequent revisions by other authors have been made since its publication.
This taxonomy is considered to be one step closer to representing the evolutionary history of the phylum Mollusca, despite the fact that malacologists are, for the time being, having to use a classification which is a hybrid of the pre-existing, more traditional Linnaean taxonomy, and the more recent far-reaching revisions which are based on molecular work.
In the past, the taxonomy of gastropods was largely based on the morphological characters of the taxa, but recent advances are based more on the molecular characteristics of the DNA and RNA. This has made the taxonomical ranks and their hierarchy controversial, and the debate about these issues is not likely to end soon.
This proposed classification has tried to reconcile these recent advances by using unranked clades for taxa below the rank of class but above the rank of superfamily (replacing the ranks subclass, superorder, order, and suborder), while still using the traditional Linnaean approach for all taxa below the rank of superfamily (i.e., family, subfamily, genus, subgenus, and species. All in all, in this taxonomy 611 valid families are recognized. Of these, 202 families are exclusively fossil; this is indicated with a dagger †.
Whenever monophyly has not yet been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic, the term "group" or "informal group" has been used.
The classification of families into subfamilies is often not well resolved, and should be regarded as the best possible hypothesis.
The publication Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)[1] also includes a nomenclator of about 2400 suprageneric taxa of gastropods, going from the subtribe to the superfamily. A full bibliographic reference is provided for each taxon; this includes the name of the author, the original publication, date of publication, type genus, nomenclatural status, and validity under the rules of the ICZN.
Since the publication of this taxonomy in 2005, various changes have been published by other authors, see Changes in the taxonomy of gastropods since 2005.
Main clades, groups and informal groups
This information is displayed in the form of a cladogram (an evolutionary tree of descent.) It is worth bearing in mind however that this taxonomy is provisional: many of the taxa are still only known as "groups" or "informal groups", and therefore are likely to turn out to be polyphyletic (in other words, they are likely to contain more than one lineage, and if so they will be split in the future.)
|
|
† Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position
|
|
|
† Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda
|
|
|
Patellogastropoda
|
|
|
Vetigastropoda
|
|
|
Cocculiniformia
|
|
| Neritimorpha |
|
† Paleozoic Neritimorpha of uncertain systematic position
|
|
|
† Cyrtoneritimorpha
|
|
|
Cycloneritimorpha
|
|
|
|
| Caenogastropoda |
|
Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position
|
|
|
Architaenioglossa
|
|
|
Sorbeoconcha
|
|
| Hypsogastropoda |
|
Littorinimorpha
|
|
|
Ptenoglossa
|
|
|
Neogastropoda
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Heterobranchia |
|
Lower Heterobranchia
|
|
| Opisthobranchia |
|
Cephalaspidea
|
|
|
Thecosomata
|
|
|
Gymnosomata
|
|
|
Aplysiomorpha
|
|
|
Acochlidiacea
|
|
|
Sacoglossa
|
|
|
Cylindrobullida
|
|
|
Umbraculida
|
|
| Nudipleura |
|
Pleurobranchomorpha
|
|
| Nudibranchia |
|
Euctenidiacea
|
|
| Dexiarchia |
|
Pseudoeuctenidiacea
|
|
| Cladobranchia |
|
Euarminida
|
|
|
Dendronotida
|
|
|
Aeolidida
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Pulmonata |
|
Basommatophora
|
|
| Eupulmonata |
|
Systellommatophora
|
|
| Stylommatophora |
|
Elasmognatha
|
|
|
Orthurethra
|
|
|
Sigmurethra
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The diagram above was based on the following information. The list format used below makes clear which taxa are groups and informal groups rather than clades:
- Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position
- Clade Patellogastropoda
- Clade Vetigastropoda
- Clade Cocculiniformia
- Clade Neritimorpha
- Paleozoic Neritimorpha of uncertain systematic position
- Clade †Cyrtoneritimorpha
- Clade Cycloneritimorpha
- Clade Caenogastropoda
- Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position
- Informal group Architaenioglossa
- Clade Sorbeoconcha
- Clade Hypsogastropoda
- Clade Littorinimorpha
- Informal group Ptenoglossa
- Clade Neogastropoda
- Clade Heterobranchia
- Informal group Lower Heterobranchia
- Informal group Opisthobranchia
- Clade Cephalaspidea
- Clade Thecosomata
- Clade Gymnosomata
- Clade Aplysiomorpha
- Group Acochlidiacea
- Clade Sacoglossa
- Group Cylindrobullida
- Clade Umbraculida
- Clade Nudipleura
- Clade Pleurobranchomorpha
- Clade Nudibranchia
- Clade Euctenidiacea
- Clade Dexiarchia
- Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea
- Clade Cladobranchia
- Clade Euarminida
- Clade Dendronotida
- Clade Aeolidida
- Informal group Pulmonata
- Informal group Basommatophora
- Clade Eupulmonata
- Clade Systellommatophora
- Clade Stylommatophora
- Clade Elasmognatha
- Clade Orthurethra
- Informal group Sigmurethra
Taxonomy
In the following more detailed list, indentation is used only for the ranks of superfamily and family. The clade names are not indented, but their hierarchy is indicated by the size of the font used in their names. A clearer sense of their actual hierarchy can be drawn from the list immediately above this one.
Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position
(existing as fossils only)
Uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)
- unassigned to superfamily
- † Khairkhaniidae
- † Ladamarekiidae
- † Metoptomatidae
- † Patelliconidae
- † Protoconchoididae
- Archinacelloidea
- † Archinacellidae
- † Archaeopragidae
- Pelagielloidea
- † Pelagiellidae
- † Aldanellidae
- Scenelloidea
- † Scenellidae
- † Coreospiridae
- † Igarkiellidae
- Yochelcionelloidea
- † Yochelcionellidae
- † Stenothecidae
- † Trenellidae
With isostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda or Monoplacophora)
- Bellerophontoidea
- † Bellerophontidae
- † Bucanellidae
- † Bucaniidae
- † Euphemitidae
- † Pterothecidae
- † Sinuitidae
- † Tremanotidae
- † Tropidodiscidae
With anisostrophically coiled shells of uncertain position (Gastropoda?)
- Euomphaloidea
- † Euomphalidae
- † Helicotomidae
- † Lesueurillidae
- † Omphalocirridae
- † Omphalotrochidae
- Macluritoidea
Basal taxa that are certainly Gastropoda
(existing as fossils only)
- unasigned to superfamily
- † Anomphalidae
- † Codonocheilidae
- † Crassimarginatidae
- † Holopeidae
- † Isospiridae
- † Opisthonematidae
- † Paraturbinidae
- † Planitrochidae
- † Pragoserpulinidae
- † Pseudophoridae
- † Raphistomatidae
- † Rhytidopilidae
- † Scoliostomatidae
- † Sinuopeidae
- Clisospiroidea
- † Clisospiridae
- † Onychochilidae
- Loxonematoidea
- † Loxonematidae
- † Palaeozygoleuridae
- Ophiletoidea
- Straparollinoidea
- Trochonematoidea
- † Trochonematidae
- † Lophospiridae
Clade Patellogastropoda
- Superfamily Patelloidea
- Superfamily Nacelloidea
- Superfamily Lottioidea
- Family Lottiidae
- Family Acmaeidae
- Family Lepetidae
- Superfamily Neolepetopsoidea
- Family Neolepetopsidae
- † Family Daminilidae
- † Family Lepetopsidae
Clade Vetigastropoda
- Not assigned to a superfamily:
- Family Ataphridae
- Family Pendromidae
- † Family Schizogoniidae
- Superfamily †Amberleyoidea
- † Family Amberleyidae
- † Family Nododelphinulidae
- Superfamily †Eotomarioidea
- † Family Eotomariidae
- † Family Gosseletinidae
- † Family Luciellidae
- † Family Phanerotrematidae
- Superfamily Fissurelloidea
- Superfamily Haliotoidea
- Family Haliotidae
- † Family Temnotropidae
- Superfamily Lepetelloidea
- Family Lepetellidae
- Family Addisoniidae
- Family Bathyphytophilidae
- Family Caymanabyssiidae
- Family Cocculinellidae
- Family Osteopeltidae
- Family Pseudococculinidae
- Family Pyropeltidae
- Superfamily Lepetodriloidea
- Family Lepetodrilidae
- Family Clypeosectidae
- Family Sutilizonidae
- Superfamily †Murchisonioidea
- † Family Murchisoniidae
- † Family Cheeneetnukiidae
- † Family Hormotomidae
- Superfamily Neomphaloidea
- Family Neomphalidae
- Family Melanodrymiidae
- Family Peltospiridae
- Superfamily Pleurotomarioidea
- Family Pleurotomariidae
- † Family Catantostomatidae
- † Family Kittlidiscidae
- † Family Phymatopleuridae
- † Family Polytremariidae
- † Family Portlockiellidae
- † Family Rhaphischismatidae
- † Family Trochotomidae
- † Family Zygitidae
- Superfamily †Porcellioidea
- † Family Porcelliidae
- † Family Cirridae
- † Family Discohelicidae
- † Family Pavlodiscidae
- Superfamily Scissurelloidea
- Family Scissurellidae
- Family Anatomidae
- Superfamily Seguenzioidea
- Family Seguenziidae
- Family Chilodontidae
- † Family Eucyclidae
- † Family Laubellidae
- Superfamily Trochoidea
- Family Trochidae
- Family Calliostomatidae
- † Family Elasmonematidae
- † Family Eucochlidae
- † Family Microdomatidae
- † Family Proconulidae
- Family Solariellidae
- † Family Tychobraheidae
- † Family Velainellidae
- Superfamily Turbinoidea
- Family Turbinidae
- Family Liotiidae
- Family Phasianellidae
Clade Cocculiniformia
- Superfamily Cocculinoidea
- Family Cocculinidae
- Family Bathysciadiidae
Clade Neritimorpha (= Neritopsina)
Contains the Palaeozoic Neritomorpha of uncertain position and the clades Cyrtoneritimorpha and Cycloneritimorpha
- Unassigned to superfamily
- † Family Craspedostomatidae
- † Family Pragoscutulidae
- Superfamily Nerrhenoidea
- Superfamily Oriostomatoidea
- † Family Oriostomatidae
- † Family Tubinidae
- Superfamily Palaeotrochoidea
- Superfamily Platyceratoidea
Clade Cyrtoneritimorpha
-
- † Family Orthonychiidae
- † Family Vltaviellidae
Clade Cycloneritimorpha
- Superfamily Helicinoidea
- Family Helicinidae
- † Family Dawsonellidae
- † Family Deaniridae
- Family Neritiliidae
- Family Proserpinellidae
- Family Proserpinidae
- Superfamily Hydrocenoidea
- Superfamily Neritoidea
- Family Neritidae
- Family Phenacolepadidae
- † Family Pileolidae
- Superfamily Neritopsoidea
- Family Neritopsidae
- † Family Cortinellidae
- † Family Delphinulopsidae
- † Family Plagiothyridae
- † Family Pseudorthonychiidae
- Family Titiscaniidae
- Superfamily Symmetrocapuloidea
- † Family Symmetrocapulidae
Clade Caenogastropoda
Contains the Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position, the informal group Architaenioglossa and the clades Sorbeoconcha and Hypsogastropoda
- Caenogastropoda of uncertain systematic position
- † Family Plicatusidae
- † Family Spanionematidae
- † Family Spirostylidae
- Superfamily Acteoninoidea
- † Family Acteoninidae
- † Family Anozygidae
- † Family Soleniscidae
- Superfamily Dendropupoidea
- † Family Dendropupidae
- † Family Anthracopupidae
- Superfamily Paleostyloidea
- † Family Palaeostylidae
- † Family Goniasmatidae
- † Family Pithodeidae
- Superfamily Peruneloidea
- † Family Perunelidae
- † Family Chuchlinidae
- † Family Imoglobidae
- † Family Sphaerodomidae
- Superfamily Pseudomelanioidea
- † Family Pseudomelaniidae
- † Family Trajanellidae
- Superfamily Subulitoidea
- † Family Subulitidae
- † Family Ischnoptygmatidae
- grade Zygopleuroid group - see Changes since 2005
- † Family Zygopleuridae
- Family Abyssochrysidae
- † Family Polygyrinidae
- † Family Protoculidae
- Family Provannidae
- † Family Pseudozygopleuridae
Informal group Architaenioglossa
- Superfamily Ampullarioidea
- Family Ampullariidae
- † Family Naricopsinidae
- Superfamily Cyclophoroidea
- Family Cyclophoridae
- Family Aciculidae
- Family Craspedopomatidae
- Family Diplommatinidae
- † Family Ferussinidae
- Family Maizaniidae
- Family Megalomastomatidae
- Family Neocyclotidae
- Family Pupinidae
- Superfamily Viviparoidea
- Family Viviparidae
- † Family Pliopholygidae
Clade Sorbeoconcha
- Not allocated to superfamily
- † Family Acanthonematidae
- † Family Canterburyellidae
- † Family Prisciphoridae
- Superfamily Cerithioidea
- Family Cerithiidae
- Family Batillariidae
- † Family Brachytrematidae
- † Family Cassiopidae
- Family Dialidae
- Family Diastomatidae
- † Family Eustomatidae
- † Family Ladinulidae
- † Family Lanascalidae
- Family Litiopidae
- † Family Maoraxidae
- Family Melanopsidae
- † Family Metacerithiidae
- Family Modulidae
- Family Pachychilidae
- Family Paludomidae
- Family Planaxidae
- Family Pleuroceridae
- † Family Popenellidae
- Family Potamididae
- † Family Procerithiidae - If is the genus Argyropeza placed in the Procerithiidae, then this family is not fossil.
- † Family Prostyliferidae
- † Family Propupaspiridae
- Family Scaliolidae
- Family Siliquariidae
- † Family Terebrellidae
- Family Thiaridae
- Family Turritellidae
- Superfamily Campaniloidea
- Family Campanilidae
- Family Ampullinidae
- Family Plesiotrochidae
- † Family Trypanaxidae
Clade Hypsogastropoda
Contains the clades Littorinimorpha, Neogastropoda and the informal group Ptenoglossa.
- Not allocated to a superfamily
- † Family Coelostylinidae
- † Family Maturifusidae
- † Family Pommerozygiidae
- † Family Settsassiidae
Clade Littorinimorpha
- Superfamily Calyptraeoidea
- Superfamily Capuloidea
- Superfamily Cingulopsoidea
- Family Cingulopsidae
- Family Eatoniellidae
- Family Rastodentidae
- Superfamliy Cypraeoidea
- Family Cypraeidae
- Family Ovulidae
- Superfamily Ficoidea
- Superfamily Littorinoidea
- Family Littorinidae
- † Family Bohaispiridae
- Family Pickworthiidae
- Family Pomatiidae
- † Family Purpurinidae
- Family Skeneopsidae
- † Family Tripartellidae
- Family Zerotulidae
- Superfamily Naticoidea
- Superfamily Pterotracheoidea
- Family Pterotracheidae
- Family Atlantidae
- † Family Bellerophinidae
- Family Carinariidae
- Superfamily Rissooidea
- Family Rissoidae
- Family Amnicolidae
- Family Anabathridae
- Family Assimineidae
- Family Barleeiidae
- Family Bithyniidae
- Family Caecidae
- Family Calopiidae
- Family Cochliopidae
- Family Elachisinidae
- Family Emblandidae
- Family Epigridae
- Family Falsicingulidae
- Family Helicostoidae
- Family Hydrobiidae
- Family Hydrococcidae
- Family Iravadiidae
- Family Lithoglyphidae
- † Family Mesocochliopidae
- Family Moitessieriidae
- † Family Palaeorissoinidae
- Family Pomatiopsidae
- Family Stenothyridae
- Family Tornidae
- Family Truncatellidae
- Superfamily Stromboidea
- Family Strombidae
- Family Aporrhaidae
- † Family Colombellinidae
- † Family Pugnellidae
- Family Seraphsidae
- Family Struthiolariidae
- † Family Thersiteidae
- † Family Tylostomatidae
- Superfamily Tonnoidea
- Family Tonnidae
- Family Bursidae
- Family Laubierinidae
- Family Personidae
- Family Pisanianuridae
- Family Ranellidae
- Superfamily Vanikoroidea
- Family Vanikoridae
- Family Haloceratidae
- Family Hipponicidae
- † Family Omalaxidae
- Superfamily Velutinoidea
- Family Velutinidae
- Family Triviidae
- Superfamily Vermetoidea
- Superfamily Xenophoroidea
- Family Xenophoridae
- † Family Lamelliphoridae
Informal group Ptenoglossa
- Superfamily Epitonioidea
- Family Epitoniidae
- Family Janthinidae
- Family Nystiellidae
- Superfamily Eulimoidea
- Family Eulimidae
- Family Aclididae
- Superfamily Triphoroidea
- Family Triphoridae
- Family Cerithiopsidae
- Family Newtoniellidae
Clade Neogastropoda
- Unassigned to a superfamily
- † Family Johnwyattiidae
- † Family Perissityidae
- † Family Sarganidae
- † Family Speightiidae
- † Family Taiomidae
- † Family Weeksiidae
- Superfamily Buccinoidea
- Family Buccinidae
- Family Colubrariidae
- Family Columbellidae
- Family Fasciolariidae
- Family Nassariidae
- Family Melongenidae
- Superfamily Muricoidea
- Family Muricidae
- Family Babyloniidae
- Family Costellariidae
- Family Cystiscidae
- Family Harpidae
- Family Marginellidae
- Family Mitridae
- † Family Pholidotomidae
- Family Pleioptygmatidae
- Family Strepsiduridae
- Family Turbinellidae
- Family Volutidae
- Family Volutomitridae
- Superfamily Olivoidea
- Family Olividae
- Family Olivellidae
- Superfamily Pseudolivoidea
- Family Pseudolividae
- Family Ptychatractidae
- Superfamily Conoidea
- Family Conidae
- Family Clavatulidae
- Family Drilliidae
- Family Pseudomelatomidae
- Family Strictispiridae
- Family Terebridae
- Family Turridae
- Superfamily Cancellarioidea
Clade Heterobranchia
Contains the informal groups Heterobranchia, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata
Informal group "Lower Heterobranchia" (= Allogastropoda)
- Unassigned to a superfamily
- Family Cimidae
- † Family Dolomitellidae
- † Family Heterosubulitidae
- † Family Kuskokwimiidae
- † Family Misurinellidae
- Family Orbitestellidae
- Family Tjaernoeiidae
- Family Xylodisculidae
- Superfamily Acteonoidea
- Family Acteonidae
- † Family Acteonellidae
- Family Aplustridae
- Family Bullinidae
- † Family Zardinellidae
- Superfamily Architectonicoidea
- Family Architectonicidae
- † Family Amphitomariidae
- † Family Cassianaxidae
- Superfamily Glacidorboidea
- Superfamily Mathildoidea
- Family Mathildidae
- † Family Ampezzanildidae
- † Family Anoptychiidae
- † Family Gordenellidae
- † Family Tofanellidae
- † Family Trachoecidae
- Superfamily Nerineoidea
- † Family Nerineidae
- † Family Ceritellidae
- † Family Nerinellidae
- Superfamily Omalogyroidea
- Family Omalogyridae
- † Family Studraxidae
- Superfamily Pyramidelloidea
- Family Pyramidellidae
- Family Amathinidae
- † Family Heteroneritidae
- Family Murchisonellidae
- Superfamily Ringiculoidea
- Superfamily Rissoelloidea
- Superfamily Streptacidoidea
- † Family Streptacididae
- † Family Cassianebalidae
- Superfamily Valvatoidea
- Family Valvatidae
- Family Cornirostridae
- Family Hyalogyrinidae
- † Family Provalvatidae
Informal group Opisthobranchia
Contains the clades Cephalaspidea, Thecosomata, Gymnosomata, Aplysiomorpha, Sacoglossa, Umbraculida, Nudipleura and the groups Acochlidiacea and Cylindrobullida.
Clade Cephalaspidea
- Superfamily Bulloidea
- Superfamily Diaphanoidea
- Family Diaphanidae
- Family Notodiaphanidae
- Superfamily Haminoeoidea
- Family Haminoeidae
- Family Bullactidae
- Family Smaragdinellidae
- Superfamily Philinoidea
- Family Philinidae
- Family Aglajidae
- Family Cylichnidae
- Family Gastropteridae
- Family Philinoglossidae
- Family Plusculidae
- Family Retusidae
- Superfamily Runcinoidea
- Family Runcinidae
- Family Ilbiidae
Clade Thecosomata
- Superfamily Cavolinioidea
- Family Cavoliniidae
- Family Limacinidae
- † Family Sphaerocinidae
- Superfamily Cymbulioidea
- Family Cymbuliidae
- Family Desmopteridae
- Family Peraclidae
Clade Gymnosomata
- Superfamily Clionoidea
- Family Clionidae
- Family Cliopsidae
- Family Notobranchaeidae
- Family Pneumodermatidae
- Superfamily Hydromyloidea
- Family Hydromylidae
- Family Laginiopsidae
Clade Aplysiomorpha (= Anaspidea)
- Superfamily Aplysioidea
- Superfamily Akeroidea
Group Acochlidiacea
- Superfamily Acochlidioidea
- Superfamily Hedylopsoidea
- Family Hedylopsidae
- Family Ganitidae
- Family Livorniellidae
- Family Minicheviellidae
- Family Parhedylidae
- Family Tantulidae
- Superfamily Palliohedyloidea
- Superfamily Strubellioidea
- Family Strubelliidae
- Family Pseudunelidae
Clade Sacoglossa
Subclade Oxynoacea
- Superfamily Oxynooidea
- Family Oxynoidae
- Family Juliidae
- Family Volvatellidae
Subclade Placobranchacea
- Superfamily Placobranchoidea
- Family Placobranchidae
- Family Boselliidae
- Family Platyhedylidae
- Superfamily Limapontioidea
- Family Limapontiidae
- Family Caliphyllidae
- Family Hermaeidae
Group Cylindrobullida
- Superfamily Cylindrobulloidea
Clade Umbraculida
- Superfamily Umbraculoidea
- Family Umbraculidae
- Family Tylodinidae
Clade Nudipleura
Subclade Pleurobranchomorpha
- Superfamily Pleurobranchoidea
Subclade Nudibranchia
Contains the clades Euctinidiacea and Dexiarchia
- Unassigned to superfamily
Clade Euctenidiacea (= Holohepatica)
Contains the subclades Gnathodoridacea and Doridacea
Subclade Gnathodoridacea
- Superfamily Bathydoridoidea
Subclade Doridacea
- Superfamily Doridoidea
- Family Dorididae
- Family Actinocyclidae
- Family Chromodorididae
- Family Discodorididae
- Superfamily Phyllidioidea
- Family Phyllidiidae
- Family Dendrodorididae
- Family Mandeliidae
- Superfamily Onchidoridoidea
- Family Onchidorididae
- Family Corambidae
- Family Goniodorididae
- Superfamily Polyceroidea (= Phanerobranchiata Non Suctoria)
- Family Polyceridae
- Family Aegiretidae
- Family Gymnodorididae
- Family Hexabranchidae
- Family Okadaiidae
Clade Dexiarchia (= Actenidiacea)
Contains the clades Pseudoeuctenidiacea and Cladobranchia
Clade Pseudoeuctenidiacea ( = Doridoxida)
Clade Cladobranchia ( = Cladohepatica)
Contains the subclades Euarminida, Dendronotida and Aeolidida
- Not assigned to a superfamily
- Family Charcotiidae
- Family Dironidae
- Family Dotidae
- Family Embletoniidae
- Family Goniaeolididae
- Family Heroidae
- Family Madrellidae
- Family Pinufiidae
- Family Proctonotidae
Subclade Euarminida
- Superfamily Arminoidea
- Family Arminidae
- Family Doridomorphidae
Subclade Dendronotida
- Superfamily Tritonioidea
- Family Tritoniidae
- Family Aranucidae
- Family Bornellidae
- Family Dendronotidae
- Family Hancockiidae
- Family Lomanoridae
- Family Phylliroidae
- Family Scyllaeidae
- Family Tethydidae
Subclade Aeolidida
- Superfamily Flabellinoidea ( = Pleuroprocta)
- Family Flabellinidae
- Family Notaeolidiidae
- Superfamily Fionoidea
- Family Fionidae
- Family Calmidae
- Family Eubranchidae
- Family Pseudovermidae
- Family Tergipedidae
- Superfamily Aeolidioidea
- Family Aeolidiidae
- Family Facelinidae
- Family Glaucidae
- Family Piseinotecidae
Informal Group Pulmonata
Contains the informal group Basommatophora and the clade Eupulmonata
Informal Group Basommatophora
Contains the clade Hygrophila
- Superfamily Amphiboloidea
- Superfamily Siphonarioidea
- Family Siphonariidae
- † Family Acroreiidae
Clade Hygrophila
- Superfamily Chilinoidea
- Family Chilinidae
- Family Latiidae
- Superfamily Acroloxoidea
- Superfamily Lymnaeoidea
- Superfamily Planorboidea
- Family Planorbidae
- Family Physidae
Clade Eupulmonata
Contains the clades Systellommatophora and Stylommatophora
- Superfamily Trimusculoidea
- Superfamily Otinoidea
- Family Otinidae
- Family Smeagolidae
- Superfamily Ellobioidea
Clade Systellommatophora (= Gymnomorpha)
- Superfamily Onchidioidea
- Superfamily Veronicelloidea
- Family Veronicellidae
- Family Rathouisiidae
Clade Stylommatophora
Contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra
Subclade Elasmognatha
- Superfamily Succineoidea
- Superfamily Athoracophoroidea
Subclade Orthurethra
- Superfamily Partuloidea
- Family Partulidae
- Family Draparnaudiidae
- Superfamily Achatinelloidea
- Superfamily Cochlicopoidea
- Family Cochlicopidae
- Family Amastridae
- Superfamily Pupilloidea
- Family Pupillidae
- Family Argnidae
- Family Chondrinidae
- † Family Cylindrellinidae
- Family Lauriidae
- Family Orculidae
- Family Pleurodiscidae
- Family Pyramidulidae
- Family Spelaeodiscidae
- Family Strobilopsidae
- Family Valloniidae
- Family Vertiginidae
- Superfamily Enoidea
- Family Enidae
- Family Cerastidae
Informal Group Sigmurethra
- Superfamily Clausilioidea
- Family Clausiliidae
- † Family Anadromidae
- † Family Filholiidae
- † Family Palaeostoidae
- Superfamily Orthalicoidea
- Family Orthalicidae
- Family Cerionidae
- Family Coelociontidae
- † Family Grangerellidae
- Family Megaspiridae
- Family Placostylidae
- Family Urocoptidae
- Superfamily Achatinoidea
- Family Achatinidae
- Family Ferussaciidae
- Family Micractaeonidae
- Family Subulinidae
- Superfamily Aillyoidea
- Superfamily Testacelloidea
- Family Testacellidae
- Family Oleacinidae
- Family Spiraxidae
- Superfamily Papillodermatoidea
- Superfamily Streptaxoidea
- Superfamily Rhytidoidea
- Family Rhytididae
- Family Chlamydephoridae
- Family Haplotrematidae
- Family Scolodontidae
- Superfamily Acavoidea
- Family Acavidae
- Family Caryodidae
- Family Dorcasiidae
- Family Macrocyclidae
- Family Megomphicidae
- Family Strophocheilidae
- Superfamily Plectopyloidea
- Family Plectopylidae
- Family Corillidae
- Family Sculptariidae
- Superfamily Punctoidea
- Family Punctidae
- † Family Anastomopsidae
- Family Charopidae
- Family Cystopeltidae
- Family Discidae
- Family Endodontidae
- Family Helicodiscidae
- Family Oreohelicidae
- Family Thyrophorellidae
- Superfamily Sagdoidea
limacoid clade
- Superfamily Staffordioidea
- Superfamily Dyakioidea
- Superfamily Gastrodontoidea
- Family Gastrodontidae
- Family Chronidae
- Family Euconulidae
- Family Oxychilidae
- Family Pristilomatidae
- Family Trochomorphidae
- Fossil taxa probably belonging to the Gastrodontoidea
- Subfamily † Archaeozonitinae
- Subfamily † Grandipatulinae
- Subfamily † Palaeoxestininae
- Superfamily Parmacelloidea
- Family Parmacellidae
- Family Milacidae
- Family Trigonochlamydidae
- Superfamily Zonitoidea
- Superfamily Helicarionoidea
- Family Helicarionidae
- Family Ariophantidae
- Family Urocyclidae
- Superfamily Limacoidea
- Family Limacidae
- Family Agriolimacidae
- Family Boettgerillidae
- Family Vitrinidae
Two superfamilies belongs to clade Sigmurethra, but they are not in the limacoid clade.
- Superfamily Arionoidea
- Family Arionidae
- Family Anadenidae
- Family Ariolimacidae
- Family Binneyidae
- Family Oopeltidae
- Family Philomycidae
- Superfamily Helicoidea
- Family Helicidae
- Family Bradybaenidae
- Family Camaenidae
- Family Cepolidae
- Family Cochlicellidae
- Family Elonidae
- Family Epiphragmophoridae
- Family Halolimnohelicidae
- Family Helicodontidae
- Family Helminthoglyptidae
- Family Humboldtianidae
- Family Hygromiidae
- Family Monadeniidae
- Family Pleurodontidae
- Family Polygyridae
- Family Sphincterochilidae
- Family Thysanophoridae
- Family Trissexodontidae
- Family Xanthonychidae
See also
* Changes in the taxonomy of gastropods since 2005
References
1. ^ a b Bouchet P., Rocroi J.-P., Frýda J., Hausdorf B., Ponder W., Valdés Á. & Warén A. (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks) 47 (1-2): 1-397. ISBN 3925919724. ISSN 0076-2997. http://www.vliz.be/Vmdcdata/imis2/ref.php?refid=78278.
External links
* Full text of Malacologia vol. 47 (1-2)]
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
