Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Heterobranchia
Infraclassis: Euthyneura
Cohors: Tectipleura
Subcohors: Panpulmonata
Superordo: Eupulmonata
Ordo: Stylommatophora
Subordo: Helicina
Infraordo: Succineoidei
Superfamilia: Succineoidea
Familia: Succineidae
Subfamiliae (3): Catinellinae – Oxylomatinae – Succineinae
Genera Incertae sedis (3): †Eoquickia – †Papyrotheca – †Suratia
Overview of genera (19 + 4†)
Austrosuccinea – Boninosuccinea – Camptonyx – Catinella – Helisiga – Hyalimax – Indosuccinea – Kondosuccinea – Lithotis – Mediappendix – Neosuccinea – Omalonyx – Oxyloma – Pamirsuccinea – Quickella – Quickia – Spirancinea – Succinea – Succinella – †Eoquickia – †Laxisuccinea – †Papyrotheca – †Suratia
Name
Succineidae Beck, 1837
Type genus: Succinea
Synonyms
Hyalimacinae Godwin-Austen, 1882
Oxylomatinae Schileyko & Likharev, 1986
References
Beck, Henrik H. 1837–1838. Index Molluscorum praesentis ævi Musei principis augustissimi Christiani Frederici. I–II, Mollusca Gastræpoda Pulmonata, no. 4. Hafniae: Beck. 124 + 8 p.
Bouchet, P. & J.-P. Rocroi. 2005. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia 47(1-2): 1–397.
References
Links
Succineidae in the World Register of Marine Species
Vernacular names
English: Amber Snails
Succineidae are a family of small to medium-sized, air-breathing land snails (and slugs), terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Succineoidea.[1]
They are commonly called amber snails because their thin fragile shells are translucent and amber-colored. They usually live in damp habitats such as marshes.[2]
Succineidae is the only family in the superfamily Succineoidea.[3]
The soft parts of the animal appear to be too large for the shell.[2]
Anatomy
In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes varies greatly. The most common totals are less than 10, and also lies between 21 and 25, but other values are also possible (according to the values in this table).[4]
Taxonomy
The family Succineidae contains two subfamilies (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
Succineinae Beck, 1837 - synonyms: Hyalimacinae Godwin-Austen, 1882; Oxylomatinae Schileyko & I. M. Likharev, 1986
Catinellinae Odhner, 1950
Genera
Genera in the family Succineidae include:[5]
The succineid slug Hyalimax maillardi from the island of Réunion
† Eoquickia Harzhauser & Neubauer in Harzhauser et al., 2016
† Papyrotheca Brusina, 1893
† Suratia Hamilton-Bruce & Kear, 2010
Catinellinae Odhner, 1950
Catinella Pease, 1870
Indosuccinea Rao, 1924
Mediappendix Pilsbry, 1948
Quickella C. Boettgger, 1939
Quickia Odhner, 1950
Oxylomatinae Schileyko & Likharev, 1986
Oxyloma Westerlund, 1885
Succineinae Beck, 1837
Austrosuccinea Iredale, 1937
Boninosuccinea Habe, 1956
Camptonyx Benson, 1858
Helisiga Lesson, 1831
Hyalimax H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
† Laxisuccinea Cooke, 1921
Lithotis W. T. Blanford, 1863
Neosuccinea Matekin, 1956
Novisuccinea Pilsbry, 1948
Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1837[6]
Pamirsuccinea Schileyko & Likharev, 1986
Spirancinea Iredale, 1945
Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Succinella Mabille, 1871
Nomen nudum
Papusuccinea Iredale, 1941
Synonyms
Subfamily Hyalimacinae Godwin-Austen, 1882: synonym of Succineinae H. Beck, 1837
Subfamily Oxylomatinae Schileyko & I. M. Likharev, 1986: synonym of Succineinae H. Beck, 1837
Amphibina W. Hartmann, 1821: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Amphibulima Gistel, 1848: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801 (Invalid: unnecessary substitute name for Succinea; also a junior homonym of Amphibulima Lamarck, 1805)
Arborcinea Iredale, 1937: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Brachyspira L. Pfeiffer, 1855 †: synonym of Succinea (Brachyspira) L. Pfeiffer, 1855 represented as Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Cerinasota Iredale, 1939: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Cochlohydra A. Férussac, 1821: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Homalonyx Ancey, 1881: synonym of Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1838 (unjustified emendation)
Hydrophyga Lindholm, 1927: synonym of Succinella Mabille, 1871
Hydrotropa Lindholm, 1927: synonym of Oxyloma Westerlund, 18854* Lucena Hartmann, 1821: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Neohyalimax Simroth, 1896: synonym of Omalonyx d'Orbigny, 1838
Succinastrum J. Mabille, 1871: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Succinoides Schileyko, 1967: synonym of Oxyloma (Succinoides) Schileyko, 1967 represented as Oxyloma Westerlund, 1885
Tapada S. Studer, 1820: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Truella Pease, 1871: synonym of Succinea Draparnaud, 1801
Conservation status
The World Conservation Union (IUCN) considers five species or subspecies of ambersnail as threatened with extinction, and a further three species are categorized as "data deficient" which were previously considered Vulnerable or Extinct, and two species are listed as Near Threatened.[7]
Threatened species
Oxyloma kanabense - Kanab Ambersnail, Critically Endangered
Succinea piratarum - Endangered
Succinea quadrasi - Endangered
Boninosuccinea ogasawarae - Vulnerable
Boninosuccinea punctulispira - Vulnerable
Assigned other IUCN categories
Catinella arenaria - Sandbowl Snail, Near Threatened
Succinea sanctaehelenae - Near Threatened
Succinea guamensis - Data Deficient, previously considered Extinct
Succinea chittenangoensis - Chittenago Ovate Ambersnail - Data Deficient, previously Vulnerable
Succinea philippinica - Data Deficient, previously Vulnerable
References
MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Succineidae Beck, 1837. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=181585 on 2021-02-23
Janus, Horst, 1965. ‘’The young specialist looks at land and freshwater molluscs’’, Burke, London
Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2). Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks: 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
The Animal Diversity Web (online)
Robinson D. G., Hovestadt A., Fields A. & Breure A. S. H. (July 2009). "The land Mollusca of Dominica (Lesser Antilles), with notes on some enigmatic or rare species". Zoologische Mededelingen 83 http://www.zoologischemededelingen.nl/83/nr03/a13
2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. [www.iucnredlist.org]
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