Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Heterobranchia
Infraclassis: Euthyneura
Cohors: Tectipleura
Subcohors: Panpulmonata
Superordo: Eupulmonata
Ordo: Stylommatophora
Subordo: Helicina
Infraordo: Limacoidei
Superfamilia: Limacoidea
Familia: Limacidae
Subfamilia: Limacinae
Genus: Limax
Species: L. aeolianus – L. albipes – L. alpinus – L. bielzii – L. brandstetteri – L. canapicianus – L. cephalonicus – L. ciminensis – L. cinereoniger – L. conemenosi – L. corsicus – L. dacampi – L. dobrogicus – L. erythrus – L. gerhardti – L. giovannellae – L. graecus – L. granosus – L. hemmeni – L. ianninii – L. lachensis – L. maximus – L. millipunctatus – L. minimus – L. pironae – L. polipunctatus – L. punctulatus – L. redii – L. sarnensis – L. squamosus – L. strobeli – L. subalpinus – L. veronensis – L. wohlberedti – L. wolterstorffi
Name
Limax Linnaeus, 1758
References
Bank, R.A. 2011. Fauna Europaea: Mollusca: Gastropoda. Fauna Europaea version 2.4, [1].
Vernacular names
հայերեն: ԼորտնուկLimax is a genus of air-breathing land slugs in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk family Limacidae.
Limax cinereoniger
The generic name Limax literally means "slug".
Limax dacampi
Some species, such as the leopard slug (L. maximus) and the tawny garden slug (Limacus flavus), are considered garden pests.[2]
The genus Limax sensu stricto is probably monophyletic.[3]
Distribution
This genus is native to Europe, but at least one species (L. maximus) has been introduced into North America.
Species
The genus Limax includes at least 33 species:[4]
Limax aeolianus Giusti, 1973
Limax albipes Dumont & Mortillet, 1853
Limax amaliae Bettoni, 1870
Limax bielzii Seibert, 1873
Limax brandstetteri Falkner, 2008[5]
Limax camerani Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
Limax canapicianus Pollonera, 1885
Limax cephalonicus Simroth, 1886
Limax ciminensis Pollonera, 1890
Limax cinereoniger Wolf, 1803 (syn. Limax alpinus Férussac, 1822)[6]
Limax conemenosi Böttger, 1882
Limax corsicus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
Limax dacampi Menegazzi, 1854
Limax dacampi dacampi Menegazzi, 1855
Limax dobrogicus Grossu & Lupu, 1960
Limax doriae Bourguignat, 1861
Limax engadinensis Heynemann, 1863
Limax erythrus Bourguignat, 1864
Limax gerhardti Niethammer, 1937
Limax giovannellae Falkner & Niederhöfer, 2008
Limax giustii Falkner & Nitz, 2010
Limax graciadeii Gerhardt, 1940
Limax graecus Simroth, 1889
Limax granosus Bérenguier, 1900
Limax hemmeni Rähle, 1983
Limax ianninii Giusti, 1973
Limax ilvensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
Limax lachensis Bérenguier, 1900
Limax luctuosus Moquin-Tandon, 1855
Limax maximus Linnaeus, 1758 - great grey slug
Limax millipunctatus Pini, 1885
Limax monolineatus Bettoni, 1870
Limax monregalensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
Limax pironae Pini, 1876
Limax polipunctatus Pollonera, 1888
Limax punctulatus Sordelli, 1871
Limax redii Gerhardt, 1933
Limax samensis Heim & Nitz, 2009[6]
Limax squamosus Bérenguier, 1900
Limax strobeli Pini, 1876
Limax subalpinus Lessona, 1880
Limax tschapecki Simroth, 1886
Limax veronensis Lessona & Pollonera, 1882
Limax vizzavonensis Falkner & Nitz, 2010
Limax wohlberedti Simroth, 1900
Limax wolterstorffi Simroth, 1900
Limax zilchi Grossu & Lupu, 1960
Subgenus Limacus (more often today treated as its own genus)
Main article: Limacus
Limax ecarinatus Boettger, 1881: synonym of Limacus maculatus (Kaleniczenko, 1851)
Limax flavus Linnaeus, 1758 yellow garden slug, tawny garden slug: synonym of Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Limax marginatus Müller, 1774 is a synonym for Lehmannia marginata (Müller, 1774)
Limax valentianus Férussac, 1822 is a synonym for Ambigolimax valentianus (Férussac, 1822)
Limax nyctelius Bourguignat, 1861 is now placed in the genus Letourneuxia but the name has been used for Lehmannia carpatica (Bourguignat, 1861) and Ambigolimax waterstoni Hutchinson, Reise & Schlitt, 2022[7]
References
Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. pp. [1-4], 1-824. Holmiae. (Salvius).
Ebeling. W. Chapter 12: Miscellaneous Pests. Archived 2013-06-06 at the Wayback Machine Urban Entomology. Department of Entomology. UC Riverside. 2002.
Klee, B. 2006 Towards a phylogeny of Limax (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora). Archived 2008-11-21 at the Wayback Machine The Malacologist. Molluscan Forum 2006.
Species in genus Limax. AnimalBase. Accessed 5 May 2009.
Falkner, G. (2008). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – ein neuer Hochgebirgsschnegel aus den Abruzzen (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Limax (Limax) brandstetteri n. sp. – a new high mountain slug from the Abruzzi Mountains (Gastropoda: Limacidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde A, Neue Serie. 1: 133-142.
Nitz, B., et al. (2009). Towards a new standard in slug species descriptions: the case of Limax sarnensis Heim & Nitz n. sp. (Pulmonata: Limacidae) from the Western Central Alps. Journal of Molluscan Studies 75(3): 279-294. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyp030.
Hutchinson, John M.C.; Reise, Heike; Schlitt, Bettina (30 June 2022). "Will the real Limax nyctelius please step forward: Lehmannia, Ambigolimax, or Malacolimax? No, Letourneuxia!". Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 151 (1): 19–41. doi:10.1127/arch.moll/151/019-041. S2CID 250188836.
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