Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Cephalopoda
Subclassis: Coleoidea
Cohors: †Belemnoidea
Ordo: Aulacocerida
Familiae: †Aulacoceratidae - †Dictyoconitidae - †Hematitidae - †Palaeobelemnopseidae - †Xiphoteuthididae
Links
Aulacocerida – Taxon details on Fossilworks.
Aulacocerida – Taxon details on Interim Register of Marine and Non-marine Genera (IRMNG).
Aulacocerida is an order of primitive coleoid cephalopods, possibly derived from michelinoceraitids (Orthocerida) early in the Devonian, which in turn gave rise to the Belemnites.
Aulococerids are characterized by a straight, slim, conical shell with a large living chamber, simple aperture. The protoconch (initial, embryonic chamber) is egg-shaped and separated from the phragmocone by a constriction. The siphuncle is narrow and ventral, constricted at the septa and expanded in the middle of the chamber; necks are retrochoantiic[check spelling], project backwards toward the apex. Nacre recovered from aulococerids as well as from belemnites resembles that found in recent Sepia and Spirula but differs from that of recent Nautilus.
Opinions vary as to whether aulococerids were endocochleate,[1] having internal shells as with modern squid, or were ectocochleate, having external shells as with nautiloids and ammonites. Naef (in Bandel 1985) thought of aulacocerids as slender squids that looked similar to recent ones; morphologically similar to belemnites on one hand and to orthocerids on the other, but with a mantle that completely covered the shell; making them endocochliate. Jeletzky (in Bandel 1985) considered that aulocerids were essentially ectocochleate and that they lacked a muscular mantle, the rostrum having been secreted by mantle flaps that could be folded over the chambered shell, but were not fused around it, and which could be withdrawn into the long living chamber.
See also
List of belemnites
References
Smith, Martin R. (2020). "An Ordovician nectocaridid hints at an endocochleate origin of Cephalopoda" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 94 (1): 64–69. Bibcode:2020JPal...94...64S. doi:10.1017/jpa.2019.57. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 201208912.
Klaus Bandel, J. Reitner, and W. Sturmer, 1893. Coleoids from the Lower Devonian Black Slate (Hunstruck-Shiefer) of the Hunsruck (West Germany). N Jb Geol Paliont Abh 165(3) 397-414 Stuttgart, Apr 1983.
Klaus Bandel, 1985. Composition and ontogeny of Dictyoconites (Aulacocerida, Cephalopoda). Palaont Z 59(3/4),223-244. Stuttgart, Dec 1985.
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