Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Gastropoda
Subclassis: Heterobranchia
Infraclassis: Euthyneura
Cohors: Tectipleura
Subcohors: Panpulmonata
Superordo: Eupulmonata
Ordo: Stylommatophora
Subordo: Helicina
Infraordo: Succineoidei
Superfamilia: Athoracophoroidea
Familia: Athoracophoridae
Subfamiliae (2): Aneitinae – Athoracophorinae
Overview of genera (8)
Aneitea – Aneitella – Athoracophorus – Konophora – Ottonita – Palliopodex – Pseudaneitea – Triboniophorus
Name
Athoracophoridae Fischer, 1883 (1860)
References
Fischer, P. 1883. Manuel de conchyliologie et de paléontologie conchyliologique ou Histoire naturelle des mollusques vivants et fossiles. Fascicule V: 492. Librairie F. Savy, Paris. BHL Reference page.
Bouchet, P., Rocroi, J.-P., Hausdorf, B., Kaim, A., Kano, Y., Nützel, A., Parkhaev, P., Schrödl, M., & Strong, E.E. 2017. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia 61(1–2): 1–526. DOI: 10.4002/040.061.0201Reference page. [see p. 42]
Barker, G.M. 2018. Nomenclatural and type catalogue of Athoracophoridae (Mollusca: Eupulmonata: Succineoidea): a synopsis of the first 185 years of biodiscovery in the South West Pacific region. Zootaxa 4434(2): 201–249. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4434.2.1 Paywall Reference page.
Burton, D.W. 1963: A revision of the New Zealand and subantarctic Athoracophoridae. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, zoology, 3: 47–75. Full article (PDF) on BUGZ Reference page.
Burton, D.W. 1980: Anatomical studies on Australian, New Zealand, and subantarctic Athoracophoridae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). New Zealand journal of zoology, 7: 173–198. Google books BUGZ
Burton, D.W. 1981: Pallial systems in the Athoracophoridae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata). New Zealand journal of zoology, 8: 391–402. Google books BUGZ
Links
Athoracophoridae in the World Register of Marine Species
Vernacular names
English: Leaf-veined Slugs
中文: 无盔蛞蝓科
Athoracophoridae, common name the leaf-veined slugs, are a family of air-breathing land slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the infraorder Stylommatophora, the stalk-eyed snails and slugs. Many of the species have an attractive pattern on their dorsal surface which resembles the veins in a leaf, hence the common name.
Athoracophoridae is the only family in the superfamily Athoracophoroidea.[2]
Leaf-veined slugs live on the various land masses and islands in the south-west Pacific area.
The scientific name Athoracophoridae is derived from prefix "a-", that means "without" and from a Greek word "θωραχοφὁρος" (thorachoforos), that means "breastplate".[1] This is a reference to the fact that the mantle in these slugs is small and not well delineated; it does not have the obvious, saddle-shaped or breast-plate-shaped appearance that it does in most other land slug groups.
Anatomy
In the family Athoracophoridae (in subfamily Aneitinae and in subfamily Athoracophorinae), the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 36 and 45 (according to the values in this table).[3] While they belong to the pulmonate snails, they lack a true lung. The vascularized mantle cavity is reduced, and a series of blind tubules radiate from it, being surrounded blood vessels. This allows for a more compact lung structure in these generally flat animals.[4]
Distribution
Species in this family are found in eastern Australia, New Zealand including its sub-Antarctic islands, Bismarck Archipelago, the Admiralty Islands, the New Hebrides, New Caledonia,[5] as well as on the Melanesian islands north to New Caledonia and New Britain, Papua New Guinea.
Taxonomy
The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005),[2] that follows classification after Grimpe & Hoffmann (1925):[6]
Athoracophorinae P. Fischer, 1883 (1860) - synonym: Janellidae Gray, 1853 (inv.) - a subantarctic subfamily[5]
Aneitinae Gray, 1860 - a northern subfamily[5]
The name Athoracophoridae has precedence over the name Aneitidae, because Athoracophoridae is in prevailing usage.[2]
Genera
Genera within the family Athoracophoridae include:[7]
Aneitea Gray, 1860
Aneitea sarasini
Athoracophorus Gould, 1852 - the type genus, 3 species
Palliopodex Burton, 1963 - with the only species Palliopodex verrucosus (Simroth, 1889)
Pseudaneitea Cockerell, 1891
Reflectopallium Burton, 1963
Triboniophorus Humbert, 1863
See also
Alaninema ngata, a nematode which is an intestinal parasite in slugs of this family
References
(in French) Fischer P. (21 February 1883). Manuel de conchlyliologie et de paléontologie conchlyliologique (5): 417-512. Savy, Paris. page 492.
Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
Barker G. M.: Gastropods on Land: Phylogeny, Diversity and Adaptive Morphology. in Barker G. M. (ed.): The biology of terrestrial molluscs. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK, 2001, ISBN 0-85199-318-4. 1-146, cited pages: 139 and 142.
Burton, W.D. (1982). "How to be sluggish". Tuatara. 25 (2): 48–63. Retrieved 8 May 2014.
Burton D. W. (1982). "How to be sluggish." Tuatara 25(2): 48-63. page 55.
(in German) Grimpe G. & Hoffmann (1925). "Die Nacktschnecken von Neu-Caledonien, den Loyalty-Inseln und den Neuen-Hebriden." In: Sarasin F. & Roux J. (eds.) Nova Caledonia, A (Zoologie), Band 3, Heft 1-3: 337-476, plates 5-6.
Powell A. W. B. (1979). New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand, ISBN 0-00-216906-1
Further reading
Burch J. B. (1968). "Tentacle retraction in Tracheopulmonata". Journal of the Malacological Society of Australia 1(11): 62-67.
Burch J. B. & Patterson C. M. (1969). "Systematic position of the Athoracophoridae (Gastropoda : Euthyneura)". Malacologia 9: 259-260.
Burton D. W. (1962). "New Zealand land slugs — Part 1". Tuatara 9(8): 87-97.
Burton D. W. (1963). "New Zealand Land Slugs — Part 2". Tuatara 11(2): 90-96.
Burton D. W. (1980). "Anatomical studies on Australian, New Zealand and sub-antarctic Athoracophoridae (Gastropoda : Pulmonata)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7: 173-198.
Burton D. W. (1981). "Pallial systems in the Athoracophoridae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 8: 391-402.
Forcart L. (1973). "Notes on Veronicellidae and Athoracophoridae in Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago". Nautilus 87: 25-27.
Grimpe G. & Hoffmann H. (1924). "Diagnosen neuer Athoracophoriden (Gastropoda, Pulmonata)". Zoologischer Anzeiger 58: 171-177.
Oberzeller E. (1970). "Ergebnisse der Österreichischen Neukaledonien-Expedition 1965. Terrestrische Gastropoda II: Veronicellidae und Athoracophoridae." Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 74: 325-341. PDF.
Plate L. H. (1898). "Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Janelliden". Zoologische Jahrbucher. Abtheilung fur Anatomie und Ontogenie der Thiere (Jena) XI: 193-269.
Suter H. (1897). "A revision of New Zealand Athoracophoridae". Journal of Molluscan Studies 2(6): 245-257. abstract.
Suter H. (1913). Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. (Athoracophoridae, pp. 789-808, pl. 31, figs. 3-13.)
Stanisic J. (1998). "Family Athoracophoridae". pp. 1109-1110. In: Beesley P. L., Ross G. J. B. & Wells A. (eds). Mollusca: The Southern Synthesis. Fauna of Australia. Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing Vol. 5, Part B, pp. vi-viii, 565-1234.
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