Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Cladus: Protostomia
Cladus: Spiralia
Cladus: Lophotrochozoa
Phylum: Mollusca
Classis: Cephalopoda
Subclassis: Coleoidea
Cohors: Neocoleoidea
SuperOrdo: Octopodiformes
Ordo: Octopoda
SubOrdo: Incirrina
Familia: Octopodidae
Genera Incertae sedis
Genus: Amphioctopus
Species: A. aegina – A. arenicola – A. burryi – A. exannulatus – A. fangsiao – A. kagoshimensis – A. marginatus – A. mototi – A. neglectus – A. polyzenia – A. rex – A. robsoni – A. siamensis – A. varunae
Name
Amphioctopus Fischer, 1882
Amphioctopus is a genus of octopuses comprising around 16 species.
Description
Members of the genus Amphioctopus reside in tropical and subtropical waters. These octopuses are found primarily in the Pacific and Indian Oceans but representatives can also be found in the Atlantic. They are characterized by arms that are about two or three times their mantle length with deep lateral webs and very shallow dorsal webs.[1] This genus can be further divided into two subgroups, one group with ocellate octopuses, the other with non-ocellate octopuses.[2]
Taxonomic status
Historically, members of this genus were placed within the genus Octopus, but recognized as forming a distinct group and referred to as the Octopus aegina species complex.[3] The genus was originally described by Fischer in 1882. He assigned to it the already described species, Octopus membranaceus (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832), as the type species (not to be confused with Enteroctopus membranaceus (Rochebrune and Mabille, 1889), the original types species of the genus Enteroctopus). Robson in his review of octopus taxonomy in 1929 regarded Amphioctopus membranaceus as a nomen dubium, referring it to his newly named "aegina species complex", a group of octopuses forming a distinct constellation characterized by Octopus aegina. The genus Amphioctopus was subsequently considered invalid. In 2002, Gleadall suggested that the aegina species group represents a distinct genus with Amphioctopus being the senior name. In 2004, Gleadall resurrected the genus Schizoctopus and assigned Octopus fangsiao as the type species.[4] In 2005, Huffard and Hochberg, arguing that Robson's designation of Octopus membranaceus as a nomen dubium was premature and considering it a valid name, resurrected the genus name Amphioctopus for the Octopus aegina species complex. Huffard and Hochberg also found Schizoctopus to be a junior synonym for Amphioctopus.[3]
Species
Amphioctopus aegina
Amphioctopus arenicola
Amphioctopus burryi
Amphioctopus exannulatus
Amphioctopus fangsiao
Amphioctopus granulatus *
Amphioctopus kagoshimensis
Amphioctopus marginatus, veined octopus
Amphioctopus membranaceus *
Amphioctopus mototi
Amphioctopus neglectus
Amphioctopus polyzenia
Amphioctopus rex
Amphioctopus robsoni
Amphioctopus siamensis
Amphioctopus varunae
Species marked with an asterisk (*) remain unresolved.
References
Norman, M.D. & F.G. Hochberg (2005). The current state of octopus taxonomy. Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 66: 127–154.
Norman, M. (2003). Cephalopods: A World Guide. Hackenheim, ConchBooks, p. 214.
Huffard, C.L. & F.G. Hochberg (2005). Molluscan Research 25(3): 113–128."Description of a new species of the genus Amphioctopus (Mollusca: Octopodidae) from the Hawaiian Islands" – via ResearchGate. "Several members of Amphioctopus may represent species complexes that require additional attention or detailed redescription, in particular: A. fangsiao (Gleadall, 2004), A. granulatus, and A. marginatus. Many members of this group are undescribed or poorly described despite their high fisheries potential in some tropical regions of the world."
Gleadall, I.G. (2004). Some Old and New Genera of Octopus. Interdisciplinary Information Sciences. 10(2): 99–112.
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