Maas, M. C., and J. G. M. Thewissen. 1995. Enamel microstructure
of Pakicetus (Mammalia: Archaeoceti). Journal of Paleontology
69:1154–1163.
Maas, M. C., D.W. Krause, and S. G. Strait. 1988. The decline
and extinction of Plesiadapiformes (Mammalia: ?Primates) in
North America: Displacement or replacement? Paleobiology
14:410–431.
Maas, M. C., J. G. M. Thewissen, and J. Kappelman. 1998. Hypsamasia
seni (Mammalia: Embrithopoda) and other mammals
from the Eocene Kartal Formation of Turkey; pp. 286–297 in
K. C. Beard and M. R. Dawson (eds.), Dawn of the Age of
Mammals in Asia. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural
History 34.
MacFadden, B. J. 1992. Fossil Horses: Systematics, Paleobiology,
and Evolution of the Family Equidae. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, UK.
MacFadden, B. J., and C. D. Frailey. 1984. Pyrotherium, a large
enigmatic ungulate (Mammalia, incertae sedis) from the
Deseadan (Oligocene) of Salla, Bolivia. Palaeontology
27:867–874.
MacFadden, B. J., P. Higgins, M. T. Clementz, and D. S. Jones.
2004. Diets, habitat preferences, and niche differentiation of
Cenozoic sirenians from Florida: Evidence from stable isotopes.
Paleobiology 30:297–324.
Machlus, M., S. R. Hemming, P. E. Olsen, and N. Christie-Blick.
2004. Eocene calibration of geomagnetic polarity time scale
reevaluated: Evidence from the Green River Formation of
Wyoming. Geology 32:137–140.
MacLeod, N., and K. D. Rose. 1993. Inferring locomotor behavior
in Paleogene mammals via eigenshape analysis. American
Journal of Science 293A:300–355.
MacPhee, R. D. E. (ed.) 1993. Primates and Their Relatives in
Phylogenetic Perspective. Plenum Press, New York.
MacPhee, R. D. E., and M. Cartmill. 1986. Basicranial structures
and primate systematics; pp. 219–275 in D. R. Swindler and
J. Erwin (eds.), Comparative Primate Biology. Volume 1: Systematics,
Evolution, and Anatomy. Alan R. Liss, New York.
MacPhee, R. D. E., and M. J. Novacek. 1993. Definition and relationships
of Lipotyphla; pp. 13–31 in F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek,
and M. C. McKenna (eds.), Mammal Phylogeny:
Placentals. Springer-Verlag, New York.
MacPhee, R. D. E., K. C. Beard, C. Flemming, and P. Houde.
1995. Petrosal morphology of Tinimomys graybulliensis is
plesiadapoid, not microsyopoid. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
15(supplement to no. 3):42A.
MacPhee, R. D. E., M. Cartmill, and K. D. Rose. 1989. Craniodental
morphology and relationships of the supposed
Eocene dermopteran Plagiomene (Mammalia). Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology 9:329–349.
MacPhee, R. D. E., M. J. Novacek, and G. Storch. 1988. Basicranial
morphology of Early Tertiary erinaceomorphs and the
origin of Primates. American Museum Novitates 2921:1–42.
Madar, S. I., J. G. M. Thewissen, and S. T. Hussain. 2002. Additional
holotype remains of Ambulocetus natans (Cetacea, Ambulocetidae),
and their implications for locomotion in early
whales. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22:405–422.
374 Literature Cited
Mader, B. J. 1998. Brontotheriidae; pp. 525–536 in C. M. Janis,
K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary
Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores,
Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Madsen, O., M. Scally, C. J. Douady, D. J. Kao, R.W. DeBry,
R. Adkins, H. M. Amrine, M. J. Stanhope, W.W. de Jong,
and M. S. Springer. 2001. Parallel adaptive radiations in
two major clades of placental mammals. Nature 409:
610–614.
Maglio, V. J. 1973. Origin and evolution of the Elephantidae.
Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 63(3):
1–149.
Mahboubi, M., R. Ameur, J.-Y. Crochet, and J.-J. Jaeger. 1984.
Earliest known proboscidean from early Eocene of northwest
Africa. Nature 308:543–544.
———. 1986. El Kohol (Saharan Atlas, Algeria): A new Eocene
mammal locality in northwestern Africa. Palaeontographica
Abteilung A 192:15–49.
Maier, W. 1979. Macrocranion tupaiodon, an adapisoricid (?) insectivore
from the Eocene of “Grube Messel” (western Germany).
Paläontologische Zeitschrift 53:38–62.
Maier, W., G. Richter, and G. Storch. 1986. Leptictidium nasutum—
ein archaisches Säugetier aus Messel mit aussergewöhnlichen
biologischen Anpassungen. Natur und Museum (Frankfurt)
116:1–19.
Maisch, M.W., A. T. Matzke, F. Grossman, H. Stöhr, H.-U.
Pfretzschner, and G. Sun. 2005. The first haramiyoid mammal
from Asia. Naturwissenschaften 92:40–44.
Malia, M. J., Jr., R. M. Adkins, and M.W. Allard. 2002. Molecular
support for Afrotheria and the polyphyly of Lipotyphla based
on analyses of the growth hormone receptor gene. Molecular
Phylogenetic and Evolution 24:91–101.
Manchester, S. R. 1999. Biogeographical relationships of North
American Tertiary floras. Annals of the Missouri Botanical
Garden 86:472–522.
Marandat, B. 1997. La disparité des faunes mammaliennes du
niveau MP7 (Eocène inférieur) des domaines péri-mésogéen
et nordiques. Investigation d’un provincialisme intraeuropéen.
Newsletters on Stratigraphy 35:63–82.
Marenssi, S. A., M. A. Reguero, S. N. Santillana, and S. F. Vizcaíno.
1994. Eocene land mammals from Seymour Island,
Antarctica: Palaeobiogeographical implications. Antarctic
Science 6:3–15.
Marincovich, L., Jr., and A. Y. Gladenkov. 1999. Evidence for an
early opening of the Bering Strait. Nature 397:149–151.
Marivaux, L., Y. Chaimanee, S. Ducrocq, B. Marandat, J. Sudre,
A. N. Soe, S. T. Tun, W. Htoon, and J.-J. Jaeger. 2003. The
anthropoid status of a primate from the late middle Eocene
Pondaung Formation (central Myanmar): Tarsal evidence.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
100:13173–13178.
Marivaux, L., M. Vianey-Liaud, and J.-J. Jaeger. 2004. High-level
phylogeny of early Tertiary rodents: Dental evidence. Zoological
Journal of the Linnean Society 142:105–134.
Marivaux, L., J.-L. Welcomme, P.-O. Antoine, G. Métais, I. M.
Baloch, M. Benammi, Y. Chaimanee, S. Ducrocq, and J.-J.
Jaeger. 2001. A fossil lemur from the Oligocene of Pakistan.
Science 294:587–591.
Marivaux, L., J.-L. Welcomme, S. Ducrocq, and J.-J. Jaeger. 2002.
Oligocene sivaladapid primate from the Bugti Hills (Balochistan,
Pakistan) bridges the gap between Eocene and Miocene
adapiform communities in southern Asia. Journal of Human
Evolution 42:379–388.
Marsh, O. C. 1886. Dinocerata, a monograph of an extinct order
of gigantic mammals. Monographs of the U. S. Geological
Survey 10:1–243.
Marshall, L. G. 1978. Evolution of the Borhyaenidae, extinct
South American predaceous marsupials. University of California
Publications in Geological Sciences 117:1–89.
———. 1980. Systematics of the South American marsupial
family Caenolestidae. Fieldiana Geology, new series 5:1–145.
———. 1981. Review of the Hathlyacyninae, an extinct subfamily
of South American “dog-like” marsupials. Fieldiana Geology,
new series 7:1–120.
———. 1987. Systematics of Itaboraian (middle Paleocene) age
“opossum-like” marsupials from the limestone quarry at São
José de Itaboraí, Brazil; pp. 91–160 in M. Archer (ed.), Possums
and Opossums: Studies in Evolution. Surrey Beatty &
Sons and the Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales,
Sydney.
Marshall, L. G., and C. de Muizon. 1988. The dawn of the age of
mammals in South America. National Geographic Research
4:23–55.
Marshall, L. G., J. A. Case, and M. O. Woodburne. 1990. Phylogenetic
relationships of the families of marsupials. Current
Mammalogy 2:433–505.
Marshall, L. G., C. de Muizon, and B. Sigé. 1983. Late Cretaceous
mammals (Marsupialia) from Bolivia. Géobios 16:739–745.
Marshall, L. G., C. de Muizon, and D. Sigogneau-Russell. 1995.
Pucadelphys andinus (Marsupialia, Mammalia) from the
early Paleocene of Bolivia. Mémoires du Muséum National
d’Histoire Naturelle 165:1–164.
Marshall, L. G., T. Sempere, and R. F. Butler. 1997. Chronostratigraphy
of the mammal-bearing Paleocene of South
America. Journal of South American Earth Sciences
10:49–70.
Martin, L. D. 1998. Nimravidae; pp. 228–235 in C. M. Janis,
K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary
Mammals of North America. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge, UK.
Martin, R. D. 1990. Primate Origins and Evolution. A Phylogenetic
Reconstruction. Princeton University Press,
Princeton.
———. 1993. Primate origins: Plugging the gaps. Nature
363:223–234.
Martin, T. 1993. Early rodent incisor enamel evolution: Phylogenetic
implications. Journal of Mammalian Evolution
1:227–254.
———. 1994. African origin of caviomorph rodents is indicated
by incisor enamel microstructure. Paleobiology 20:5–13.
———. 1997a. Incisor enamel microstructure and systematics
in rodents; pp. 163–175 inW. von Koenigswald and P. M.
Sander (eds.), Tooth Enamel Microstructure. A. A. Balkema,
Rotterdam.
———. 1997b. Tooth replacement in Late Jurassic Dryolestidae
(Eupantotheria, Mammalia). Journal of Mammalian Evolution
4:1–18.
———. 1999a. Evolution of incisor enamel microstructure in
Theridomyidae (Rodentia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
19:550–565.
———. 1999b. Dryolestidae (Dryolestoidea, Mammalia) aus dem
Oberen Jura von Portugal. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen
Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 550:1–119.
Literature Cited 375
———. 1999c. Phylogenetic implications of Glires (Eurymylidae,
Mimotonidae, Rodentia, Lagomorpha) incisor enamel microstructure.
Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde
in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe 75:257–273.
———. 2002. New stem-lineage representatives of Zatheria
(Mammalia) from the Late Jurassic of Portugal. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology 22:332–348.
———. 2004. Evolution of incisor enamel microstructure in
Lagomorpha. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24:
411–426.
———. 2005. Postcranial anatomy of Haldanodon exspectatus
(Mammalia, Docodonta) from the Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)
of Portugal and its bearing for mammalian evolution.
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 145:219–248.
Martin, T., and B. Krebs (eds.) 2000. Guimarota: A Jurassic Ecosystem.
Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Munich.
Martin, T., and Z.-X. Luo. 2005. Homoplasy in the mammalian
ear. Science 307:861–862.
Martin, T., and O.W. M. Rauhut. 2005. Mandible and dentition
of Asfaltomylus patagonicus (Australosphenida, Mammalia)
and the evolution of tribosphenic teeth. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology 25:414–425.
Martinez, R. N., C. L. May, and C. A. Forster. 1996. The skull
of Probelesodon sanjuanensis, sp. nov., from the Late Triassic
Ischigualasto Formation of Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology 16:271–284.
Matsumoto, H. 1926. Contribution to the knowledge of the fossil
Hyracoidea of the Fayûm, Egypt, with description of several
new species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
History 56:253–350.
Matthew, W. D. 1901. Fossil mammals of the Tertiary of northeastern
Colorado. Memoirs of the American Museum of
Natural History 1:353–447.
———. 1906. The osteology of Sinopa, a creodont mammal of
the middle Eocene. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum
30:203–233.
———. 1909. The Carnivora and Insectivora of the Bridger
Basin, Middle Eocene. Memoirs of the American Museum
of Natural History 9:291–567.
———. 1910a. On the osteology and relationships of Paramys,
and the affinities of the Ischyromyidae. Bulletin of the American
Museum of Natural History 28:43–72.
———. 1910b. The phylogeny of the Felidae. Bulletin of the
American Museum of Natural History 28:289–316.
———. 1915a. A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and
Wind River faunas. Part I: Order Ferae (Carnivora). Suborder
Creodonta. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
History 34:1–103.
———. 1915b. A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and
Wind River faunas. Part II: Order Condylarthra, family
Hyopsodontidae. Bulletin of the American Museum of
Natural History 34:311–328.
———. 1915c. A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and
Wind River faunas. Part IV: Entelonychia, Primates, Insectivora
(part). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
History 34:429–483.
———. 1918. A revision of the Lower Eocene Wasatch and Wind
River faunas. Part V: Insectivora (continued), Glires, Edentata.
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
38:565–657.
———. 1921. Stehlinius, a new Eocene insectivore. American
Museum Novitates 14:1–5.
———. 1937. Paleocene faunas of the San Juan Basin, New
Mexico. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society,
new series 30:1–510.
Matthew, W. D., and W. Granger. 1925a. Fauna and correlation
of the Gashato Formation of Mongolia. American Museum
Novitates 189:1–12.
———. 1925b. New creodonts and rodents from the Ardyn Obo
formation of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates
193:1–7.
Mayr, E. 1969. Principles of Systematic Zoology. McGraw-Hill,
New York.
McDowell, S. B., Jr. 1958. The Greater Antillean insectivores.
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
115:113–214.
McGehee, S. G., and G. C. Gould. 1991. New evidence uniting
pyrotheres to Notoungulata. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
11(supplement to no. 3):46A.
McKenna, M. C. 1960a. Fossil Mammalia from the early
Wasatchian Four Mile Fauna, Eocene of northwest Colorado.
University of California Publications in Geological
Sciences 37:1–130.
———. 1960b. The Geolabidinae, a new subfamily of early
Cenozoic erinaceoid insectivores. University of California
Publications in Geological Sciences 37:131–164.
———. 1963. New evidence against tupaioid affinities of the
mammalian family Anagalidae. American Museum Novitates
2158:1–16.
———. 1966. Paleontology and the origin of the Primates. Folia
Primatologica 4:1–25.
———. 1968. Leptacodon, an American Paleocene nyctithere
(Mammalia, Insectivora). American Museum Novitates
2317:1–12.
———. 1972. Was Europe connected directly to North America
prior to the middle Eocene? pp. 179–188 in T. Dobzhansky,
M. K. Hecht, and W. C. Steere (eds.), Evolutionary Biology.
Appleton-Century-Crofts, New York.
———. 1973. Sweepstakes, filters, corridors, Noah’s Arks, and
beached Viking funeral ships in palaeogeography;
pp. 295–308 in D. H. Tarling and S. K. Runcorn (eds.), Implications
of Continental Drift to the Earth Sciences. Academic
Press, New York.
———. 1975a. Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia;
pp. 21–46 inW. P. Luckett, and F. S. Szalay (eds.),
Phylogeny of the Primates. Plenum Press, New York.
———. 1975b. Fossil mammals and early Eocene North Atlantic
land continuity. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
62:335–353.
———. 1980a. Eocene paleolatitude, climate, and mammals
of Ellesmere Island. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology 30:349–362.
———. 1980b. Early history and biogeography of South America’s
extinct land mammals; pp. 43–77 in R. L. Ciochon and
A. B. Chiarelli (eds.), Evolutionary Biology of the New
World Monkeys and Continental Drift. Plenum Press, New
York.
———. 1982. Lagomorph interrelationships. Géobios Mémoire
Spécial 6:213–223.
———. 1983. Holarctic landmass rearrangement, cosmic events,
and Cenozoic terrestrial organisms. Annals of the Missouri
Botanical Garden 70:459–489.
———. 1990. Plagiomenids (Mammalia: ?Dermoptera) from
the Oligocene of Oregon, Montana, and South Dakota, and
376 Literature Cited
middle Eocene of northwestern Wyoming; pp. 211–234 in
T. M. Bown and K. D. Rose (eds.), Dawn of the Age of
Mammals in the Northern Part of the Rocky Mountain
Interior, North America. Geological Society of America
Special Paper 243, Boulder.
———. 2003. Semi-isolation and lowered salinity of the Arctic
Ocean in late Paleocene to earliest Eocene time. Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology 23(supplement to no. 3):77A.
McKenna, M. C., and S. K. Bell. 1997. Classification of Mammals
above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New
York.
———. 2002. Unitaxon Data Base. ftp://ftp.amnh.org/pub/
people/mckenna/.
McKenna, M. C., and D. L. Lofgren. 2003. Mimotricentes tedfordi,
a new arctocyonid from the late Paleocene of California;
pp. 632–643 in L. J. Flynn (ed.), Vertebrate Fossils and Their
Context. Contributions in Honor of Richard H. Tedford.
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 279.
McKenna, M. C., and E. Manning. 1977. Affinities and palaeobiogeographic
significance of the Mongolian Paleogene
genus Phenacolophus. Géobios Mémoire Spécial 1:61–85.
McKenna, M. C., and J. Meng. 2001. A primitive relative of rodents
from the Chinese Paleocene. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology 21:565–572.
McKenna, M. C., M. Chow, S. Ting, and Z.-X. Luo. 1989. Radinskya
yupingae, a perissodactyl-like mammal from the late
Paleocene of China; pp. 24–36 in D. R. Prothero and R. M.
Schoch (eds.), The Evolution of Perissodactyls. Oxford University
Press, New York.
McKenna, M. C., Z. Kielan-Jaworowska, and J. Meng. 2000. Earliest
eutherian mammal skull, from the Late Cretaceous
(Coniacian) of Uzbekistan. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
45:1–54.
McKenna, M. C., X. Xue, and M. Zhou. 1984. Prosarcodon lonanensis,
a new Paleocene micropternodontid palaeoryctoid insectivore
from Asia. American Museum Novitates 2780:1–17.
Mead, J. G. 1975. Anatomy of the external nasal passages and
facial complex in the Delphinidae (Mammalia: Cetacea).
Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 207:1–72.
Mellett, J. S. 1977. Paleobiology of North American Hyaenodon
(Mammalia, Creodonta). Contributions to Vertebrate Evolution
1:1–134.
Meng, J. 1990. The auditory region of Reithroparamys delicatissimus
(Mammalia, Rodentia) and its systematic implications.
American Museum Novitates 2972:1–35.
Meng, J., and R. C. Fox. 1995. Osseous inner ear structures and
hearing in early marsupials and placentals. Zoological Journal
of the Linnean Society 115:47–71.
Meng, J., and Y.-M. Hu. 2004. Lagomorphs from the Yihesubu
Late Eocene of Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia). Vertebrate
PalAsiatica 42:261–275.
Meng, J., and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Palaeogene
mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature
394:364–367.
Meng, J., and A. R. Wyss. 1994. Enamel microstructure of Tribosphenomys
(Mammalia, Glires): Character analysis and
systematic implications. Journal of Mammalian Evolution
2:185–203.
———. 1995. Monotreme affinities and low-frequency hearing
suggested by multituberculate ear. Nature 377:141–144.
———. 1997. Multituberculate and other mammal hair recovered
from Palaeogene excreta. Nature 385:712–714.
———. 2001. The morphology of Tribosphenomys (Rodentiaformes,
Mammalia): Phylogenetic implications for basal
Glires. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 8:1–71.
Meng, J., G. J. Bowen, J. Ye, P. L. Koch, S.-Y. Ting, Q. Li, and
X. Jin. 2004. Gomphos elkema (Glires, Mammalia) from the
Erlian Basin: Evidence for the Early Tertiary Bumbanian
Land Mammal Age in Nei-Mongol, China. American Museum
Novitates 3425:1–24.
Meng, J., Y. Hu, and C. Li. 2003. The osteology of Rhombomylus
(Mammalia: Glires): Implications for phylogeny and evolution
of Glires. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural
History 275:1–247.
Meng, J., S. Ting, and J. A. Schiebout. 1994. The cranial morphology
of an early Eocene didymoconid (Mammalia, Insectivora).
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 14:534–551.
Meng, J., A. R. Wyss, M. R. Dawson, and R. Zhai. 1994. Primitive
fossil rodent from Inner Mongolia and its implications for
mammalian phylogeny. Nature 370:134–136.
Meng, J., R. Zhai, and A. Wyss. 1998. The late Paleocene Bayan
Ulan fauna of Inner Mongolia, China; pp. 148–185 in K. C.
Beard and M. R. Dawson (eds.), Dawn of the Age of Mammals
in Asia. Bulletin of Carnegie Museum of Natural History
34.
Meyer, G. E. 1978. Hyracoidea; pp. 284–314 in V. J. Maglio and
H. B. S. Cooke (eds.), Evolution of African Mammals. Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Miao, D. 1988. Skull morphology of Lambdopsalis bulla (Mammalia,
Multituberculata) and its implications to mammalian
evolution. Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming,
Special Paper 4:1–104.
———. 1991. On the origins of mammals; pp. 579–597 in H.-P.
Schultze and L. Trueb (eds.), Origins of Major Groups of
Tetrapods: Controversies and Consensus. Cornell University
Press, Ithaca, N. Y.
———. 1993. Cranial morphology and multituberculate relationships;
pp. 63–74 in F. S. Szalay, M. J. Novacek, and M. C.
McKenna (eds.), Mammal Phylogeny: Mesozoic Differentiation,
Multituberculates, Monotremes, Early Therians, and
Marsupials. Springer-Verlag, New York.
Miao, D., and J. A. Lillegraven. 1986. Discovery of three ear ossicles
in a multituberculate mammal. National Geographic
Research 2:500–507.
Mihlbachler, M. C., S. G. Lucas, and R. J. Emry. 2004. The holotype
specimen of Menodus giganteus, and the “insoluble”
problem of Chadronian brontothere taxonomy. New
Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin
26:129–135.
Milinkovitch, M. C., M. Bérubé, and P. J. Palsboll. 1998.
Cetaceans are highly derived artiodactyls; pp. 113–131 in
J. G. M. Thewissen (ed.), The Emergence of Whales. Evolutionary
Patterns in the Origin of Cetacea. Plenum Press,
New York.
Milinkovitch, M. C., G. Ortí, and A. Meyer. 1993. Revised phylogeny
of whales suggested by mitochondrial ribosomal
DNA sequences. Nature 361:346–348.
Miller, E. R., and E. L. Simons. 1997. Dentition of Proteopithecus
sylviae, an archaic anthropoid from the Fayum, Egypt. Proceedings
of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
94:13760–13764.
Misawa, K., and A. Janke. 2003. Revisiting the Glires concept—
Phylogenetic analysis of nuclear sequences. Molecular
Phylogenetics and Evolution 28:320–327.
Literature Cited 377
Mitchell, E. D. 1989. A new cetacean from the late Eocene La
Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula.
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
46:2219–2235.
Miyamoto, M. M. 1996. A congruence study of molecular and
morphological data for eutherian mammals. Molecular
Phylogeny and Evolution 6:373–390.
Miyata, K., and Y. Tomida. 1998. A new tillodont from the early
middle Eocene of Japan and its implication to the subfamily
Trogosinae (Tillodontia: Mammalia). Paleontological Research
2:53–66.
Moeller, H. 1990. Marsupials: Introduction; pp. 212–219 in S. B.
Parker (ed.), Grzimek’s Encyclopedia of Mammals, vol. 1,
first edition. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Mones, A. 1982. An equivocal nomenclature: What means
hypsodonty? Paläontologische Zeitschrift 56:107–111.
Morlo, M., and J. Habersetzer. 1999. The Hyaenodontidae
(Creodonta, Mammalia) from the lower middle Eocene
(MP11) of Messel (Germany) with special remarks on
new x-ray methods. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg
216:31–73.
Mouchaty, S. K., F. Catzeflis, A. Janke, and U. Arnason. 2001.
Molecular evidence of an African Phiomorpha–South American
Caviomorpha clade and support for Hystricognathi
based on the complete mitochondrial genome of the cane
rat (Thryonomys swinderianus). Molecular Phylogenetic and
Evolution 18:127–135.
Muizon, C. de. 1994. A new carnivorous marsupial from the
Palaeocene of Bolivia and the problem of marsupial monophyly.
Nature 370:208–211.
———. 1998. Mayulestes ferox, a borhyaenoid (Metatheria, Mammalia)
from the early Palaeocene of Bolivia. Phylogenetic
and palaeobiologic implications. Geodiversitas 20:19–142.
Muizon, C. de, and C. Argot. 2003. Comparative anatomy of the
Tiupampa didelphimorphs; An approach to locomotory
habits of early marsupials; pp. 43–62 in M. Jones, C. Dickman,
and M. Archer (eds.), Predators with Pouches: The
Biology of Carnivorous Marsupials. CSIRO, Collingwood,
Victoria.
Muizon, C. de, and R. L. Cifelli. 2000. The “condylarths” (archaic
Ungulata, Mammalia) from the early Palaeocene of Tiupampa
(Bolivia): Implications on the origin of the South
American ungulates. Geodiversitas 22:47–150.
———. 2001. A new basal “didelphoid” (Marsupialia, Mammalia)
from the early Paleocene of Tiupampa (Bolivia). Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology 21:87–97.
Muizon, C. de, and B. Lange-Badré. 1997. Carnivorous dental
adaptations in tribosphenic mammals and phylogenetic
reconstruction. Lethaia 30:353–366.
Muizon, C. de, and L. G. Marshall. 1992. Alcidedorbignya inopinata
(Mammalia: Pantodonta) from the early Paleocene of Bolivia:
Phylogenetic and paleobiogeographic implications.
Journal of Paleontology 66:499–520.
Muizon, C. de, R. L. Cifelli, and L. P. Bergqvist. 1998. Eutherian
tarsals from the early Paleocene of Bolivia. Journal of Vertebrate
Paleontology 18:655–663.
Muizon, C. de, R. L. Cifelli, and R. Céspedes Paz. 1997. The origin
of the dog-like borhyaenoid marsupials of South America.
Nature 389:486–489.
Munthe, K. 1998. Canidae; pp. 124–143 in C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott,
and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of
North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Murphy, W. J., E. Eizirik, W. E. Johnson, Y. P. Zhang, O. A. Ryder,
and S. J. O’Brien. 2001. Molecular phylogenetics and the
origins of placental mammals. Nature 409:614–618.
Mussell, J. C. 2005. A reexamination of Lipotyphla and Afrotheria
based on both molecular and morphological analysis.
Ph.D. dissertation, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
