Easteal, S. 1999. Molecular evidence for the early divergence of
placental mammals. BioEssays 21:1052–1058.
Eaton, J. G. 1993. Therian mammals from the Cenomanian
(Upper Cretaceous) Dakota Formation, southwestern
Utah. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 13:105–124.
Eberle, J. J. 1999. Bridging the transition between didelphodonts
and taeniodonts. Journal of Paleontology 73:936–944.
Eberle, J. J., and J. A. Lillegraven. 1998. A new important record
of earliest Cenozoic mammalian history: Eutheria and
paleogeographic/biostratigraphic summaries. Rocky
Mountain Geology 33:49–117.
Eberle, J. J., and M. C. McKenna. 2002. Early Eocene Leptictida,
Pantolesta, Creodonta, Carnivora, and Mesonychidae (Mammalia)
from the Eureka Sound Group, Ellesmere Island,
Nunavut. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 39:899–910.
Effinger, J. A. 1998. Entelodontidae; pp. 375–380 in C. M. Janis,
K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary
Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores,
Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, UK.
Egi, N. 2001. Body mass estimates in extinct mammals from
limb bone dimensions: The case of North American hyaenodontids.
Palaeontology 44:497–528.
Eisenberg, J. F. 1981. The Mammalian Radiations. An Analysis of
Trends in Evolution, Adaptation, and Behavior: University
of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Eizirik, E., W. J. Murphy, and S. J. O’Brien. 2001. Molecular
dating and biogeography of the early placental mammal
radiation. Journal of Heredity 92:212–219.
Emry, R. J. 1970. A North American Oligocene pangolin and
other additions to the Pholidota. Bulletin of the American
Museum of Natural History 142:455–510.
———. 1972. A new species of Agnotocastor (Rodentia, Castoridae)
from the early Oligocene of Wyoming. American Museum
Novitates 2485:1–7.
———. 1981. New material of the Oligocene muroid rodent
Nonomys, and its bearing on muroid origins. American
Museum Novitates 2712:1–14.
———. 1989. A tiny new Eocene ceratomorph and comments
on “tapiroid” systematics. Journal of Mammalogy 70:794–804.
———. 2004. The edentulous skull of the North American
pangolin, Patriomanis americanus. Bulletin of the American
Museum of Natural History 285:130–138.
Emry, R. J., and W.W. Korth. 1989. Rodents of the Bridgerian
(middle Eocene) Elderberry Canyon local fauna of eastern
Nevada. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 67:1–14.
———. 1996a. Cylindrodontidae; pp. 399–416 in D. R. Prothero
and R. J. Emry (eds.), The Terrestrial Eocene-Oligocene
Transition in North America. Cambridge University Press,
New York.
———. 1996b. The Chadronian squirrel “Sciurus” jeffersoni Douglass,
1901: A new generic name, new material, and its bearing
on the early evolution of Sciuridae (Rodentia). Journal of
Vertebrate Paleontology 16:775–780.
Emry, R. J., and R.W. Thorington, Jr. 1982. Descriptive and comparative
osteology of the oldest fossil squirrel, Protosciurus
(Rodentia: Sciuridae). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
47:1–35.
Emry, R. J., L. A. Tyutkova, S. G. Lucas, and B. Wang. 1998.
Rodents of the middle Eocene Shinzhaly fauna of eastern
Kazakstan. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18:218–227.
Emry, R. J., B. Wang, L. A. Tjutkova, and S. G. Lucas. 1997. A
late Eocene eomyid rodent from the Zaysan Basin of Kazakhstan.
Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17:229–234.
Engelmann, G. F. 1987. A new Deseadan sloth (Mammalia:
Xenarthra) from Salla, Bolivia, and its implications for the
primitive condition of the dentition in edentates. Journal
of Vertebrate Paleontology 7:217–223.
Engesser, B. 1975. Revision der europäischen Heterosoricinae
(Insectivora, Mammalia). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae
68:649–671.
Erfurt, J. 2000. Rekonstruktion des Skelettes und der Biologie
von Anthracobunodon weigelti (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) aus
dem Eozän des Geiseltales. Hallesches Jahrbuch für Geowissenschaften
B 12:57–141.
358 Literature Cited
Erfurt, J., and H. Altner. 2003. Habitus-Rekonstruktion von Anthracobunodon
weigelti (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) aus dem
Eozän des Geiseltales. Veröffentlichungen des Landesamtes
für Archäologie 57:153–175, 353 (color plate).
Erfurt, J., and H. Haubold. 1989. Artiodactyla aus den Eozänen
Braunkohlen des Geiseltales dei Halle (DDR). Palaeovertebrata
19:131–160.
Escarguel, G. 1999. Les rongeurs de l’Éocène inférieur et moyen
d’Europe occidentale. Systematique, phylogénie, biochronologie
et paléobiogéographie des niveaux-repères MP 7 à MP
14. Palaeovertebrata 28:89–351.
Escarguel, G., C. Seiffert, and G. Storch. 2001. Un loir dort
depuis 50 millions d’années. Pour la Science 279:20.
Estravís, C, and D. E. Russell. 1992. The presence of Taeniodonta
(Mammalia) in the early Eocene of Europe. Ciências da
Terra (Universidade Nova de Lisboa) 11:191–201.
Estravís Fernández, C. 1992. Estudo dos mamíferos do Eocénico
inferior de Silveirinha (Baixo Mondego). Ph.D. dissertation,
Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon.
Evans, F. G. 1942. The osteology and relationships of the elephant
shrews (Macroscelididae). Bulletin of the American
Museum of Natural History 80:85–125.