Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Cladus: Kinorhyncha
Ordo: Cyclorhagida
Subordo: Cyclorhagae
Familia: Echinoderidae
Genus: Echinoderes
Species: E. abbreviatus – E. agigens – E. andamanensis – E. angustus – E. applicitus – E. aquilonius – E. arlis – E. asiaticus – E. aspinosus – E. aureus – E. bengalensis – E. bermudensis – E. bispinosus – E. bookhouti – E. borealis – E. brevicaudatus – E. canarensis – E. cantabricus – E. capitatus – E. caribiensis – E. cavernus – E. cernunnos – E. citrinus – E. collinae – E. coulli – E. druxi – E. dujardini – E. ehlersi – E. elongatus – E. eximus – E. ferrugineus – E. filispinosus – E. gerardi – E. gracilis – E. greeffi – E. higginsi – E. hispanicus – E. horni – E. imperforatus – E. intermedius – E. isabelae – E. joyceae – E. koreanus – E. kozloffi – E. krishnaswamyi – E. kristenseni – E. lanceolatus – E. lanuginosa – E. levanderi – E. malakhovi – E. masudai – E. maxwelli – E. microaperturus – E. minimus – E. monocercus – E. multiporus – E. multisetosus – E. neospinosus – E. newcaledonicus – E. obtuspinosus – E. ohtsukai – E. orientalis – E. pacificus – E. parrai – E. pennaki – E. peterseni – E. pilosus – E. pterus – E. remanei – E. rex – E. riedli – E. romanoi – E. sensibilis – E. setiger – E. sonadiae – E. spinifurca – E. steineri – E. stockmani – E. sublicarum – E. svetlanae – E. tchefouensis – E. teretis – E. truncatus – E. tubilak – E. ulsanensis – E. unispinosus – E. wallacea – E. worthingii – E. xiphophorus
Add (2): E. hwiizaa – E. komatsui
Name
Echinoderes Claparede, 1863
Etymology: echinos = Greek for hedgehog, deres = Greek for neck; refer to spiny scalids of introvert which Dujardin (1851) regarded as neck (Higgins 1971), first described genus of Kinorhyncha
References
Claparède, E., 1863: Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Echinoderes Duj. Beobachtungen über Anatomie und Entwicklungsgeschichte wirbelloser Thiere an der Küste von Normandie angestellt. pp. 90-92, 119, pls. XVI-XVII. Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig.
Landers, S.C. & Sørensen, M.V. 2016. Two new species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida), E. romanoi sp. n. and E. joyceae sp. n., from the Gulf of Mexico. ZooKeys 594: 51–71. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.594.8623. Reference page.
Sørensen, M.V.; Rho, H.S.; Min, W.-G.; Kim, D.; Chang, C.Y. 2012: An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934. Zootaxa 3368: 161–196. Preview PDF Reference page.
Yamasaki, H., Grzelak, K., Sørensen, M.V., Neuhaus, B. & George, K.H. 2018. Echinoderes pterus sp. n. showing a geographically and bathymetrically wide distribution pattern on seamounts and on the deep-sea floor in the Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida). ZooKeys 771: 15–40. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.771.25534 Reference page.
Yamasaki, H., Neuhaus, B. & George, K.H. 2018. New species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mediterranean seamounts and from the deep-sea floor in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, including notes on two undescribed species. Zootaxa 4387(3): 541–566. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.8 Reference page.
Echinoderes is a genus of mud dragons first described in 1863.[1] It is the largest genus within class Kinorhyncha.[4] It is a highly diverse genus, with member species that inhabit "most marine benthic substrates, on latitudes ranging from the Arctic to the tropics, and from the intertidal zone down to the deep sea."[1] Species on the east coasts of North and South America have been extensively studied by Robert P. Higgins.[1] Species in east Asia have been extensively studied by A. V. Adrianov.[1]
Members of Echinoderes are sexually dimorphic.[5]
Species
Over 75 species are accepted within Echinoderes:[6]
Echinoderes abbreviates Higgins, 1983
Echinoderes agigens Bacescu, 1968
Echinoderes andamanensis Higgins & Rao, 1979
Echinoderes angustus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988
Echinoderes applicitus Ostmann, Nordhaus & Sørensen, 2012
Echinoderes aquilonius Higgins & Kristensen, 1988
Echinoderes arlis Higgins, 1966
Echinoderes aspinosus Sørensen, Rho, Min, Kim & Chang, 2012
Echinoderes augustae Sørensen & Landers, 2014
Echinoderes aureus Adrianov, Murakami & Shirayama, 2002
Echinoderes bengalensis (Timm, 1958)
Echinoderes bermudensis Higgins, 1982
Echinoderes bispinosus Higgins, 1982
Echinoderes bookhouti Higgins, 1964
Echinoderes brevicaudatus Higgins, 1977
Echinoderes canariensis Greeff, 1869
Echinoderes cantabricus Pardos, Higgins & Benito, 1998
Echinoderes capitatus (Zelinka, 1928)
Echinoderes caribiensis Kirsteuer, 1964
Echinoderes cavernus Sørensen, Jörgensen & Boesgaard, 2000
Echinoderes cernunnos Sørensen, Rho, Min, Kim & Chang, 2012
Echinoderes citrinus Zelinka, 1928
Echinoderes collinae Sørensen, 2006
Echinoderes coulli Higgins, 1977
Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863
Echinoderes ehlersi Zelinka, 1913
Echinoderes elongatus (Nyholm, 1947)
Echinoderes eximus Higgins & Kristensen, 1988
Echinoderes ferrugineus Zelinka, 1928
Echinoderes filispinosus Adrianov, 1989
Echinoderes gerardi Higgins, 1978
Echinoderes gizoensis Thormar & Sørensen, 2010
Echinoderes higginsi Huys & Coomans, 1989
Echinoderes hispanicus Pardos, Higgins & Benito, 1998
Echinoderes horni Higgins, 1983
Echinoderes imperforatus Higgins, 1983
Echinoderes intermedius Sørensen, 2006
Echinoderes isabelae GaOrdóñez, Pardos & Benito, 2008
Echinoderes kanni Thormar & Sørensen, 2010
Echinoderes koreanus Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999
Echinoderes kozloffi Higgins, 1977
Echinoderes krishnaswamyi Higgins, 1985
Echinoderes kristenseni Higgins, 1985
Echinoderes lanceolatus Chang & Song, 2002
Echinoderes levanderi Karling, 1955
Echinoderes malakhovi Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999
Echinoderes maxwelli (Omer-Cooper, 1957)
Echinoderes microaperturus Sørensen, Rho, Min, Kim & Chang, 2012
Echinoderes multisetosus Adrianov, 1989
Echinoderes neospinosus GaOrdóñez, Pardos & Benito, 2008
Echinoderes newcaledoniensis Higgins, 1967
Echinoderes obtuspinosus Sørensen, Rho, Min, Kim & Chang, 2012
Echinoderes ohtsukaii Yamasaki & Kajihara, 2012
Echinoderes pacificus Schmidt, 1974
Echinoderes parrai GaOrdóñez, Pardos & Benito, 2008
Echinoderes pennaki Higgins, 1960
Echinoderes peterseni Higgins & Kristensen, 1988
Echinoderes pilosus Lang, 1949
Echinoderes remanei (Blake, 1930)
Echinoderes rex Lundbye, Rho & Sørensen, 2011
Echinoderes riedli Higgins, 1966
Echinoderes sensibilis Adrianov, Murakami & Shirayama, 2002
Echinoderes setiger (Greeff, 1869)
Echinoderes skipperae Sørensen & Landers, 2014
Echinoderes spinifurca Sørensen, Heiner & Ziemer, 2005
Echinoderes stockmani Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999
Echinoderes subfuscus Zelinka, 1928
Echinoderes sublicarum Higgins, 1977
Echinoderes svetlanae Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999
Echinoderes tchefouensis Lou, 1934
Echinoderes teretis Brown, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999
Echinoderes truncatus Higgins, 1983
Echinoderes tubilak Higgins & Kristensen, 1988
Echinoderes ulsanensis Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999
Echinoderes wallaceae Higgins, 1983
Echinoderes worthingi Southern, 1914
References
Sørensen, Martin Vinther, et al. "An exploration of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Korean and neighboring waters, with the description of four new species and a redescription of E. tchefouensis Lou, 1934." Zootaxa 3368 (2012): 161-196.
Clararède, E. (1863). Zur Kenntnis der Gattung Echinoderes Duj. Beobachtungen über Anatomie un Entwicklungsgeschichte wirbelloser Thiere an der Küste von Normandie angelstellt. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.
Felder & Camp 2009, p. 1130.
Felder, Darryl L.; Camp, David K. (2009). Gulf of Mexico Origin, Waters, and Biota: Biodiversity. Texas A&M University Press. p. 1130. ISBN 9781603442695.
Felder & Camp 2009, p. 1129.
"Echinoderes". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2019-01-04.
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