Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Eleutherozoa
Superclassis: Asterozoa
Classis: Asteroidea
Ordo: Forcipulatida
Familia: Zoroasteridae
Genera: Myxoderma - Zoroaster
References
Additional references
Mah, C.L., Foltz, D.W. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Forcipulatacea (Asteroidea: Echinodermata): systematics and biogeography. Zoological journal of the Linnean Society 162(3): 646-660. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00688.x Open access Reference page.
The Zoroasteridae are one of three families of Asteroidea (sea stars) in the order Forcipulatida. It contains seven living genera and one extinct genus.[2]
Genera
The living genera described are:
Bythiolophus Fisher, 1916 (monotypic)
B. acanthinus Fisher, 1916
Cnemidaster Sladen, 1889 (six species)
Doraster Downey, 1970 (monotypic)
D. constellatus Downey, 1970
Myxoderma Fisher, 1905 (five species)
Pholidaster Sladen, 1889 (monotypic)
P. squamatus Sladen, 1889
Sagenaster Mah, 2007 (monotypic)
S. evermanni (Fisher, 1905)
Zoroaster Thomson, 1873 (20 species)
The extinct genus known is:
Terminaster Hess, 1974†
Distribution
Species in this family are widespread, distributed mainly in Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. A few are found in the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans.[3]
References
Mah, Christopher (2013). Mah CL (ed.). "Heliasteridae". World Asteroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-11-16.
Marinespecies.org
GBIF.org
Sladen, W.P. (1889). Report on the Asteroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876, Zoology 30(51): xlii + 893 pages 118 plates.
Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 336–351 (look up in IMIS)
Further reading
EOL.org
Mah, C (2007). "Phylogeny of the Zoroasteridae (Zorocallina;Forcipulatida): evolutionary events in deep-sea Asteroidea displaying Palaeozoic features". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 150: 177–210. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00291.x.
McKnight, D.G. (1977). "A note on the order Zorocallida (Asteroidea: Echinodermata)". New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Records. 3 (18): 159–161.
Downey, M.E. (1970). "Zorocallida, new order, and Doraster constellatus, new genus and species, with notes on the Zoroasteridae". Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 64: 1–18. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.64.
Fisher, W.K. (1919). "North Pacific Zoroasteridae". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 3 (9): 387–393. doi:10.1080/00222931908673833.
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