Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Eleutherozoa
Superclassis: Cryptosyringida
Classis: Holothuroidea
Subclassis: Actinopoda
Ordo: Dendrochirotida
Familia: Psolidae
Genus: Psolus
Species (59): P. agulhasicus – P. antarcticus – P. arnaudi – P. ascidiiformis – P. belgicae – P. byrdae – P. capensis – P. carolineae – P. charcoti – P. cherbonnieri – P. chitonoides – P. complicatus – P. conchae – P. depressus – P. digitatus – P. diomedeae – P. dubiosus – P. ephippifer – P. eximius – P. fabricii – P. figulus – P. fimbriatus – P. granulosus – P. griffithsi – P. hypsinotus – P. imperfectus – P. japonicus – P. koehleri – P. levis – P. lockhartae – P. macrolepis – P. mannarensis – P. marcusi – P. megaloplax – P. membranaceus – P. murrayi – P. nummularis – P. operculatus – P. paradubiosus – P. parantarcticus – P. parvulus – P. patagonicus – P. pauper – P. pawsoni – P. peronii – P. phantapus – P. pourtalesii – P. propinquus – P. punctatus – P. salottii – P. solidus – P. springthorpei – P. squamatus – P. steuarti – P. tessellatus – P. thandari – P. tommasi – P. tropicus – P. tuberculosus – P. victoriae
[Source: Catalogue of Life: 2013 Annual Checklist]
Add (2): P. atlantis – P. macquariensis
Name
Psolus Oken, 1815
Remarks: Oken, 1815 was rejected for systematic validity by ICZN (1956, opinion 417). Paulay and O’Loughlin submitted an application to ICZN for Oken, 1815 validity as author of Psolus (case 3598), and this was granted.
References
Primary references
Oken, L. 1815–1816. Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte 3 Theil: Zoologie. 1 Abt. (1815): Fleischlose Thiere.: i–xxviii + 1–850 + i–xviii, pls. 1–40 + i–iv. A. Schmid und Comp., Jena (C.H. Reclam, Leipzig). Atlas. 2 Abt. (1816): Fleischthiere.: i–xvi + 1–127. A. Schmid und Comp., Jena. Reference page.
Additional references
Davey, N.; Whitfield, E. 2013. The Psolidae of New Zealand and some additions to the Macquarie Ridge fauna (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Psolidae). Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 70: 51–67. DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2013.70.05 Open access Reference page. [as Psolusp. 53]
ICZN (1956). Opinion 417. Rejection for nomenclatural purposes of volume 3 (Zoologie) of the work by Lorenz Oken entitled Okens Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte published in 1815–1816. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 14: 1-42 BHL
ICZN (2015). Opinion 2367. (Case 3598) Thyone Oken, 1815 and Psolus Oken, 1815 (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): names reinstated as available. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 72 (3) Biotaxa
Martins, L. & Tavares, M. 2019. Two new species of Psolus Oken from Brazil (Holothuroidea: Psolidae), with neotype designation and redescription of Psolus vitoriae Tommasi, 1971, and a key to the southwestern Atlantic and Magellanic species. Zootaxa 4563(3): 531–546. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.3.7 Paywall Reference page.
O’Loughlin, P.M., Mackenzie, M. & VandenSpiegel, D. 2013. New sea cucumber species from the seamounts on the Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Aspidochirotida, Elasipodida, Dendrochirotida). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 70: 37–50. DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2013.70.04 Open access Reference page. [as Psolusp. 45–46]
O’Loughlin, P.M., Skarbnik-López, J., Mackenzie M., VandenSpiegel, D., 2015. Sea cucumbers of the Kerguelen Plateau, with descriptions of new genus and species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria. 73: 59–93. DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2015.73.07 Open access Reference page. [as Psolusp. 81]
O’Loughlin, P.M.; Whitfield, E. 2010. New species of Psolus Oken from Antarctica (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Psolidae). Zootaxa. 2528: 61–68. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2528.1.4 Open access Reference page. [as Psolus p. 62]
Paulay, G., O’Loughlin, P.M. 2012. Thyone Oken, 1815 and Psolus Oken, 1815 (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea): proposed reinstatement as available names. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature. 69(4): 276–278. DOI: 10.21805/bzn.v69i4.a7 Paywall. Reference page.
Psolus is a genus of sea cucumbers in the family Psolidae, marine animals with long bodies, leathery skins and tentacles, that inhabit the sea bed.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Psolus:
Psolus agulhasicus Ludwig & Heding, 1935
Psolus antarcticus (Philippi, 1857)
Psolus arnaudi Cherbonnier, 1974
Psolus ascidiiformis Mitsukuri, 1912
Psolus atlantis O'Loughlin in O'Loughlin et al., 2013
Psolus belgicae Hérouard, 1901
Psolus byrdae O'Loughlin & Whitfield, 2010
Psolus capensis Ludwig & Heding, 1935
Psolus carolineae O'Loughlin & Whitfield, 2010
Psolus cherbonnieri Carriol & Féral, 1985
Psolus chitonoides Clark, 1901
Psolus complicatus Deichmann, 1930
Psolus depressus Ludwig & Heding, 1935
Psolus digitatus Ludwig, 1893
Psolus diomedeae Ludwig, 1893
Psolus dubiosus Ludwig & Heding, 1935
Psolus ephippifer Thomson, 1877
Psolus eximius Savel'eva, 1941
Psolus fabricii (Düben & Koren, 1846)
Psolus figulus Ekman, 1925
Psolus fimbriatus Sluiter, 1901
Psolus granulosus Vaney, 1906
Psolus griffithsi Thandar, 2009
Psolus heardi O'Loughlin & Skarbnik-López in O'Loughlin et al., 2015
Psolus hypsinotus Heding, 1942
Psolus imperfectus H.L. Clark, 1923
Psolus japonicus Östergren, 1898
Psolus lawrencei Martinez & Penchaszadeh, 2017
Psolus levis Koehler & Vaney, 1905
Psolus lockhartae O'Loughlin & Whitfield, 2010
Psolus macquariensis Davey & Whitfield, 2013
Psolus macrolepis Fisher, 1907
Psolus mannarensis James, 1984
Psolus megaloplax Pawson, 1968
Psolus membranaceus Koehler & Vaney, 1905
Psolus murrayi Théel, 1886
Psolus nummularis Perrier R., 1899
Psolus operculatus (Pourtalès, 1868)
Psolus paradubiosus Carriol & Féral, 1985
Psolus parantarcticus Mackenzie & Whitfield, 2011
Psolus parvulus Cherbonnier, 1974
Psolus patagonicus Ekman, 1925
Psolus pauper Ludwig, 1893
Psolus pawsoni Miller & Turner, 1986
Psolus peronii Bell, 1883
Psolus phantapus (Strussenfelt, 1765)
Psolus pourtalesi Théel, 1886
Psolus propinquus Sluiter, 1901
Psolus punctatus Ekman, 1925
Psolus rufus Fernández-Rodríguez, Arias, Borrell, Anadón, Massin & Acuña, 2017
Psolus salottii Mackenzie & Whitfield, 2011
Psolus segregatus Perrier, 1905
Psolus solidus Massin, 1987
Psolus springthorpei Mackenzie & Whitfield, 2011
Psolus squamatus (O.F. Müller, 1776)
Psolus steuarti Mackenzie & Whitfield, 2011
Psolus tessellatus Koehler, 1896
Psolus tropicus Cherbonnier, 1966
Psolus tuberculosus Théel, 1886
Psolus victoriae Tommasi, 1971
References
Paulay, Gustav (2015). "Psolus Oken, 1815". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 16 October 2017.
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