Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Eleutherozoa
Superclassis: Cryptosyringida
Classis: Echinoidea
Subclassis: Perischoechinoidea
Ordo: Cidaroida
Superfamiliae (2): Cidaroidea – Histocidaroidea
Familiae Incertae sedis (†8): †Anisocidaridae – †Diplocidaridae – †Heterocidaridae – †Miocidaridae – †Polycidaridae – †Rhabdocidaridae – †Serpianotiaridae – †Triadocidaridae
Name
Cidaroida Claus, 1880
References
Additional references
Brosseau, O., Murienne, J., Pichon, D., Vidal,N., Eléaume, M. & Ameziane, N. 2012. Phylogeny of Cidaroida (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) based on mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Organisms Diversity & Evolution 12(2): 155–165. DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0087-1
Links
Cidaroida in the World Register of Marine Species
Cidaroida,[1] also known as pencil urchins,[2] is an order of primitive sea urchins, the only living order of the subclass Perischoechinoidea. All other orders of this subclass, which were even more primitive than the living forms, became extinct during the Mesozoic.
Description
Their primary spines are much more widely separated than in other sea urchins, and they have no buccal slits. Other primitive features include relatively simple plates in the test, and the ambulacral plates continuing as a series across the membrane that surrounds the mouth.
Families
Many different fossil cidaroid radiola (spines) at the MNHN
According to World Register of Marine Species:[1]
family Anisocidaridae Vadet, 1999 †
superfamily Cidaroidea Gray, 1825
family Cidaridae Gray, 1825
family Ctenocidaridae Mortensen, 1928a
family Paurocidaridae Vadet, 1999a †
family Diplocidaridae Gregory, 1900 †
family Heterocidaridae Mortensen, 1934 †
superfamily Histocidaroidea Lambert, 1900
family Histocidaridae Lambert, 1900
family Psychocidaridae Ikeda, 1936
family Miocidaridae Durham & Melville, 1957 †
family Polycidaridae Vadet, 1988 †
family Rhabdocidaridae Lambert, 1900 †
family Serpianotiaridae Hagdorn, 1995 †
family Triadocidaridae Smith, 1994c †
References
Citations
Kroh, A.; Hansson, H. (2013). "Cidaroida". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-12-31.
250 Million Years of Bindin Evolution
Sources
World Register of Marine Species link: Cidaroida Claus, 1880 (+species list)
Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 980. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
National History Museum. "Cidaroida". Retrieved 20 Dec 2009.
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