Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Eleutherozoa
Superclassis: Cryptosyringida
Classis: Echinoidea
Subclassis: Euechinoidea
Superordo: Atelostomata
Ordo: Cassiduloida
Familiae: Apatopygidae - Cassidulidae - Echinolampadidae – Eurhodiidae – Faujasiidae – Neolampadidae - Pliolampadidae
Cassiduloida Incertae sedis: Anochanus – Tropholampas
References
Alves, J., Monteiro, F.A.C., Matthews-Cascon, H., Johnsson, R. & Neves, E.G. 2018. A new species of Petalobrissus Lambert 1916 (Echinoidea: Faujasiidae) from the Jandaíra Formation, Potiguar Basin (Brazil). Zootaxa 4422(4): 581–590. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4422.4.8 Paywall Reference page.
Souto, C., Mooi, R., Martins, L., Menegola, C., Marshall, C.R. 2019. Homoplasy and extinction: the phylogeny of cassidulid echinoids (Echinodermata). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 187(3): 622–660. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz060 Open access Reference page. [as Cassiduloida p. 650]
Vernacular names
English: Cassiduloida
Cassiduloida is an order of sea urchins. The group was extremely diverse with many families and species during the Mesozoic, but today, only seven extant species remain.[1]
A 2019 phylogenetic systematics study by Souto et al. presented a revised classification of the cassiduloids, and hypothesised that the order probably originated in the Early Cretaceous.[1]
Description and characteristics
Cassiduloids have a rounded or slightly oval appearance, and look somewhat similar to heart urchins, although they are actually more closely related to the sand dollars. They are distinguished from other sea urchins by the presence of smaller intervening areas between the main ambulacral areas on the oral surface. They have no lantern as adults, and the petaloids are poorly developed or absent.
List of families and genera
family Cassidulidae L. Agassiz and Desor, 1847
genus Cassidulus Lamarck, 1801
genus Paralampas Duncan & Sladen, 1882
genus Rhyncholampas Agassiz, 1869
family Eurhodiidae Souto et al., 2019[1]
genus Australanthus Bittner, 1892
genus Eurhodia d'Archiac & Haime, 1853
genus Glossaster Lambert, 1918
genus Kassandrina Souto & Martins, 2018
family Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905
family Neolampadidae Lambert, 1918
family Pliolampadidae Kier, 1962 †
References
Camilla Souto; Rich Mooi; Luciana Martins; Carla Menegola; Charles R. Marshall (2019). "Homoplasy and extinction: the phylogeny of cassidulid echinoids (Echinodermata)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 2019 (3): 622–660. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz060.
Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 981. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
National History Museum. "Cassiduloida". Retrieved 19 Dec 2009.
Kroh A, Mooi R (eds.). "Cassiduloida". World Echinoidea Database. World Register of Marine Species.
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