Stauromedusae

Cladus: Eukaryota
Supergroup: Opisthokonta
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Phylum: Cnidaria
Cladus: Medusozoa
Classis: Staurozoa
Ordo: Stauromedusae
Familiae: Depastridae - Kishinouyeidae - Kyopodiidae - Lipkeidae - Lucernariidae - Tesseranthidae

Name

Stauromedusae

References

* Collins, A.G.; Daly, M. 2005: A new deepwater species of Stauromedusae, Lucernaria janetae (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Lucernariidae), and a preliminary investigation of stauromedusan phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA data. Biological bulletin (Woods Hole), 208(3): 221-230. [1]

Vernacular names
Internationalization
Deutsch: Stielquallen
English: Stalked jellyfishes
‪Norsk (bokmål)‬: Begermaneter
Slovenščina: Kalichovky

Stauromedusae are the stalked jellyfishes, of the class Staurozoa within the phylum Cnidaria. They are unique in that they do not have an alternation of polyp and medusa life cycle phases, but are interpreted as an attached medusa stage, with a life style more resembling that of polypoid forms. They have a generally trumpet-shaped body, positioned upside-down in comparison with other jellyfish, with the tentacles projecting upwards, and the stalk located in the centre of the umbrella.

Members of this class are commonly found in relatively cold waters, close to the shoreline.

Sexually mature stauromedusae free-spawn eggs or sperm, which fertilize in the sea and form a creeping, unciliated planula larva. The larvae crawl across the sea floor and find a suitable place, attaching themselves typically to rock or algae, where they eventually develop into a new, attached stauromedusa. Unlike most scyphozoan jellyfish that practice strobilation, or the process of dividing themselves into body segments, which become new individuals, nearly all stauromedusae develop directly into the adult form.

Although conventionally considered to be an order in the class Scyphozoa, recent genetic studies suggest that Stauromedusae should be elevated to a taxon equivalent of Scyphozoa and Cubozoa, and should therefore be known as the class Staurozoa.