Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria
Classis: Anthozoa
Subclassis: Hexacorallia
Ordo: Antipatharia
Familia: Antipathidae
Genus: Antipathes
Species: A. aculeata – A. arborea – A. assimilis – A. atlantica – A. brookii – A. caribbeana – A. ceylonensis – A. chamaemorus – A. chota – A. clathrata – A. contorta – A. coronata – A. craticulata – A. curvata – A. delicatula – A. dendrochristos – A. densa – A. dichotoma – A. dicrocrada – A. dubia – A. elegans – A. erinaceus – A. fragilis – A. fruticosa – A. furcata – A. galapagensis – A. gallensis – A. gracilis – A. grandiflora – A. grandis – A. grayi – A. griggi – A. hypnoides – A. indistincta – A. irregularis – A. irregularis – A. irregularis – A. lenta – A. lentipinna – A. leptocrada – A. longibrachiata – A. minor – A. nilanduensis – A. orichalcea – A. pauroclema – A. plana – A. plantagenista – A. polyhedra – A. pseudodichotoma – A. regularis – A. rhipidion – A. rubra – A. rubusiformis – A. salicoides – A. sarothrum – A. sealarki – A. sibogae – A. simplex – A. simpsoni – A. speciosa – A. spinulosa – A. sylospongia – A. taxiformis – A. ternatensis – A. thamnoides – A. tristis – A. umbratica – A. viminalis – A. virgata – A. zoothallus
Name
Antipathes Pallas, 1766
References
Primary references
Pallas, P.S. 1766. Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae. pp. 451. BHL Reference page.
[original description of Antipathes: p. 205–207]
Additional references
Terrana, L., Bo, M., Opresko, D.M., Eeckhaut, I. 2020. Shallow-water black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia) from SW Madagascar. Zootaxa. 4826(1): 1–62. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4826.1.1 Open access Reference page.
[see p. 8]
Verrill, A.E. 1869. Notes on Radiata in the Museum of Yale College, with descriptions of new genera and species. No. 6. Review of the Corals and Polyps of the west coast of America. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences. 1(2): 423–502, pls. 4–10. BHL Reference page.
[see p. 499]
Wagner, D. et al. 2010: Using morphometrics, in situ observations and genetic characters to distinguish among commercially valuable Hawaiian black coral species; a redescription of Antipathes grandis Verrill, 1928 (Antipatharia : Antipathidae). Invertebrate systematics, 24: 271–290. DOI: 10.1071/IS10004
Links
Antipathes in the World Register of Marine Species
BHL bibliography
Catalogue of Life: 2021 Annual Checklist
Antipathes – Taxon details on Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).
Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Antipathes.
ION
Species-ID
Antipathes is a genus of coral in the order Antipatharia, composed of black coral (so named for its black skeleton).[1] Distinct features vary greatly within this genus: it contains symmetrically aligned as well as irregularly shaped corals, a range of different colors, and colonies that can be either sparsely branched or closely packed. polyps for these corals have six tentacles that are each lined with stinging cells.[2] Unlike their reef-building cousins, these coral lack photosynthesizing algae and are not restricted to the lighter surface regions. They prefer to live in deeper waters near currents so they can catch and eat passing zooplankton.[3]
Species
Species included in this genus are:[4]
Colony of zoanthid Antipathozoanthus hickmani covering an Antipathes galapagensis just off Pinzón Island
Antipathes aculeata (Brook, 1889)
Antipathes arborea Dana, 1846
Antipathes assimilis (Brook, 1889)
Antipathes atlantica Gray, 1857
Antipathes brooki (Whitelegge & Hill, 1899)
Antipathes caribbeana Opresko, 1996
Antipathes catharinae (Pax, 1932)
Antipathes ceylonensis (Thomson & Simpson, 1905)
Antipathes chamaemorus Pax & Tischbierek, 1932
Antipathes chota Cooper, 1903
Antipathes contorta (Brook, 1889)
Antipathes craticulata Opresko, 2015
Antipathes curvata van Pesch, 1914
Antipathes delicatula Schultze, 1896
Antipathes dendrochristos Opresko, 2005
Antipathes densa Silberfeld, 1909
Antipathes dichotoma Pallas, 1766
Antipathes dofleini Pax, 1915
Antipathes dubia (Brook, 1889)
Antipathes elegans (Thomson & Simpson, 1905)
Antipathes erinaceus (Roule, 1905)
Antipathes fragilis Gravier, 1918
Antipathes fruticosa Gray, 1857
Antipathes furcata Gray, 1857
Antipathes galapagensis Deichmann, 1941
Antipathes gallensis Thomson & Simpson, 1905
Antipathes gracilis Gray, 1860
Antipathes grandiflora Silberfeld, 1909
Antipathes grandis Verrill, 1928
Antipathes grayi Roule, 1905
Antipathes griggi Opresko, 2009
Antipathes herdmanni Cooper, 1909
Antipathes hypnoides (Brook, 1889)
Antipathes indistincta (van Pesch, 1914)
Antipathes irregularis (Thomson & Simpson, 1905)
Antipathes irregularis Cooper, 1909
Antipathes irregularis Verrill, 1928
Antipathes lenta Pourtalès, 1871
Antipathes lentipinna Brook, 1889
Antipathes longibrachiata van Pesch, 1914
Antipathes minor (Brook, 1889)
Antipathes nilanduensis Cooper, 1903
Antipathes orichalcea Pallas, 1766
Antipathes pauroclema Pax & Tischbierek, 1932
Antipathes plana Cooper, 1909
Antipathes plantagenista (Cooper, 1903)
Antipathes pseudodichotoma Silberfeld, 1909
Antipathes regularis Cooper, 1903
Antipathes rhipidion Pax, 1916
Antipathes rubra Cooper, 1903
Antipathes rubusiformis Warner & Opresko, 2004
Antipathes salicoides Summers, 1910
Antipathes sarothrum Pax, 1932
Antipathes sealarki Cooper, 1909
Antipathes sibogae (van Pesch, 1914)
Antipathes simplex (Schultze, 1896)
Antipathes simpsoni (Summers, 1910)
Antipathes speciosa (Brook, 1889)
Antipathes spinulosa (Schultze, 1896)
Antipathes taxiformis Duchassaing, 1870
Antipathes tenuispina (Silberfeld, 1909)
Antipathes ternatensis Schultze, 1896
Antipathes thamnoides (Schultze, 1896)
Antipathes tristis (Duchassaing, 1870)
Antipathes umbratica Opresko, 1996
Antipathes viminalis Roule, 1902
Antipathes virgata Esper, 1788
Antipathes zoothallus Pax, 1932
References
"Marine Life Profile: Black Coral" (PDF). University of Hawaii- Manoa. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-06-11. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
Parker, N.R.; Mladenov, P.V.; Grange, K.R. (1997). "Reproductive biology of the antipatherian black coral Antipathes fiordensis in Doubtful Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand". Marine Biology. 130: 11–22. doi:10.1007/s002270050220.
"Antipathes — Overview". Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
Jacob van der Land (2004). "Antipathes Pallas, 1766". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2012-08-08.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/"
All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License
