Squalus

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Classis: Chondrichthyes
Subclassis: Elasmobranchii
Superordo: Selachimorpha
Ordo: Squaliformes

Familia: Squalidae
Genus: Squalus
Species: S. acanthias – S. acutipinnis – S. acutirostris – S. albicaudus – S. albifrons – S. altipinnis – S. bahiensis – S. blainville – S. brevirostris – S. bucephalus – S. chloroculus – S. clarkae – S. crassispinus – S. cubensis – S. edmundsi – S. formosus – S. grahami – S. griffini – S. hawaiiensis – S. hemipinnis – S. japonicus – S. lalannei – S. lobularis – S. megalops – S. melanurus – S. mitsukurii – S. montalbani – S. nasutus – S. notocaudatus – S. quasimodo – S. rancureli – S. raoulensis – S. shiraii – S. suckleyi – S. uyato
Name

Squalus Linnaeus, 1758

Gender: masculine

Type species: Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms

Acanthias Risso, 1826: 131
Acanthorhinus Blainville, 1816: 121
Spinax Cuvier, 1817: 130

Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias)

References
Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1758. Systema Naturae per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Holmiæ: impensis direct. Laurentii Salvii. i–ii, 1–824 pp DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542: 233. Reference page.

References

Daly-Engel, T.S., Koch, A., Anderson, J.M., Cotton, C.F. & Grubbs, R.D. 2018. Description of a new deep-water dogfish shark from Hawaii, with comments on the Squalus mitsukurii species complex in the West Pacific. Zookeys 798: 135–157. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.798.28375 Reference page.
Ebert, D.A. et al. 2010: Resurrection and redescription of Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1854) from the North Pacific, with comments on the Squalus acanthias subgroup (Squaliformes: Squalidae). Zootaxa 2612: 22–40. Preview Reference page.
Pfleger, M.O., Grubbs, R.D., Cotton, C.F. & Daly-Engel, T.S. 2018. Squalus clarkae sp. nov., a new dogfish shark from the Northwest Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico, with comments on the Squalus mitsukurii species complex. Zootaxa 4444(2): 101–119. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.2.1 Paywall Reference page.
Viana, S.T.d.F., Carvalho, M.R.d. & Gomes, U.L. 2016. Taxonomy and morphology of species of the genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae). Zootaxa 4133(1): 1–89. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4133.1.1. Reference page.
Viana, S.T.d.F., Carvalho, M.R.d. 2020. Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited. Zoosystematics and Evolution. 96(2): 275-311. DOI: 10.3897/zse.96.51962 Open access Reference page.

Links

Squalus in the World Register of Marine Species

Vernacular names
български: Бодливи акули

Squalus is a genus of dogfish sharks in the family Squalidae. Commonly known as spurdogs, these sharks are characterized by smooth dorsal fin spines, teeth in upper and lower jaws similar in size, caudal peduncle with lateral keels; upper precaudal pit usually present, and caudal fin without subterminal notch. In spurdogs, the hyomandibula (the bone connecting the braincase to the jaws) is oriented at a right angle to the neurocranium, while in other sharks, the hyomandibula runs more parallel to the body. This led some to think that the upper jaw of Squalus would not be as protractile as the jaws of other sharks. However, a study that compared different jaw suspension types in sharks showed that this is not the case and that Squalus is quite capable of protruding its upper jaw during feeding.[2]

The name comes from squalus, the Latin for shark; this word is the root for numerous words related to sharks such as squaline and scientific names for sharks, such as the order Squaliformes.
Species

Currently, 32 recognized species are placed in this genus:

Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758 (spiny dogfish) [3]
Squalus albicaudus Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (Brazilian whitetail dogfish) [3]
Squalus albifrons Last, W. T. White & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (eastern highfin spurdog)
Squalus altipinnis Last, W. T. White & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (western highfin spurdog)
Squalus bahiensis Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (northeastern Brazilian dogfish) [3]
Squalus blainville (A. Risso, 1827) (longnose spurdog)
Squalus brevirostris S. Tanaka (I), 1917 (Japanese shortnose spurdog)
Squalus bucephalus Last, Séret & Pogonoski, 2007 (bighead spurdog)
Squalus chloroculus Last, W. T. White & Motomura, 2007 (greeneye spurdog)
Squalus clarkae Pfleger, Grubbs, Cotton & Daly-Engel, 2018 (Genie's dogfish)
Squalus crassispinus Last, M. J. Edmunds & Yearsley, 2007 (fatspine spurdog)
Squalus cubensis Howell-Rivero, 1936 (Cuban dogfish)
Squalus edmundsi W. T. White, Last & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (Edmund's spurdog)
Squalus formosus W. T. White & Iglésias, 2011 (Taiwan spurdog)
Squalus grahami W. T. White, Last & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (eastern longnose spurdog)
Squalus griffini Phillipps, 1931 (northern spiny dogfish)
Squalus hawaiiensis Daly-Engel, Koch, Anderson, Cotton, Grubbs, 2018 (Hawaiian spurdog)
Squalus hemipinnis W. T. White, Last & Yearsley, 2007 (Indonesian shortsnout spurdog)
Squalus japonicus Ishikawa, 1908 (Japanese spurdog)
Squalus lalannei Baranes, 2003 (Seychelles spurdog)
Squalus lobularis Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (Atlantic lobefin dogfish) [3]
Squalus megalops (W. J. Macleay, 1881) (shortnose spurdog)
Squalus melanurus Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979 (blacktailed spurdog)
Squalus mitsukurii D. S. Jordan & Snyder, 1903 (shortspine spurdog)
Squalus montalbani Whitley, 1931 (Indonesian greeneye spurdog)
Squalus nasutus Last, L. J. Marshall & W. T. White, 2007 (western longnose spurdog)
Squalus notocaudatus Last, W. T. White & J. D. Stevens, 2007 (bartail spurdog)
Squalus quasimodo Viana, M. R. de Carvalho & U. L. Gomes, 2016 (humpback western dogfish) [3]
Squalus rancureli Fourmanoir & Rivaton, 1979 (Cyrano spurdog)
Squalus raoulensis Duffy & Last, 2007 (Kermadec spiny dogfish)
Squalus shiraii Viana & M. R. de Carvalho, 2020 (Shirai's spurdog) [4]
Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1855) (Pacific spiny dogfish)

References

Sepkoski, J.J.Jr (2002). "A Compendium of Fossil Marine Animal Genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560.
Wilga, C.D., Motta, P.J. & Sanford, C.P. (2007): Evolution and ecology of feeding in elasmobranchs. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 47 (1): 55-69.
Viana, S.T.d.F., Carvalho, M.R.d. & Gomes, U.L. (2016): Taxonomy and morphology of species of the genus Squalus Linnaeus, 1758 from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Squalidae). Zootaxa, 4133 (1): 1-89.
Viana, Sarah T. F. L.; Carvalho, Marcelo R. de (2020-10-06). "Squalus shiraii sp. nov. (Squaliformes, Squalidae), a new species of dogfish shark from Japan with regional nominal species revisited". Zoosystematics and Evolution. 96 (2): 275–311. doi:10.3897/zse.96.51962. ISSN 1860-0743.