Somniosidae

Life-forms

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Classis: Chondrichthyes
Subclassis: Elasmobranchii
Superordo: Selachimorpha
Ordo: Squaliformes

Familia: Somniosidae

Genera: Centroscymnus – Centroselachus – Scymnodalatias – Scymnodon – Somniosus – Zameus
Name

Somniosidae Jordan, 1888

Type genus: Somniosus Lesueur, 1818

References

Jordan, D. S., 1888: A manual of vertebrate animals of the northern United States, including the district north and east of the Ozark Mountains, south of the Laurentian Hills, north of the southern boundary of Virginia, and east of the Missouri River, inclusive of marine species, 5th edn. A.C. McClurg amd Company, Chicago, 375 pp. Reference page.

The Somniosidae are a family of sharks in the order Squaliformes, commonly known as sleeper sharks.[1] The common name "sleeper shark" comes from their slow swimming, low activity level, and perceived non-aggressive nature.[2][3]

Distribution and habitat

The Somniosidae can be found in:

Arctic to subantarctic waters
Shelves in cold waters
Continental and slopes
Temperate and tropical waters[4]

Diet

Beaks recovered from the stomachs of sleeper sharks suggest they feed on colossal squid.[5]
Genera and species

Centroscymnus Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864
Centroscymnus coelolepis Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (Portuguese dogfish)
Centroscymnus owstonii Garman, 1906 (roughskin dogfish)
Centroselachus Garman, 1913
Centroselachus crepidater Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (longnose velvet dogfish)
Scymnodalatias Garrick, 1956
Scymnodalatias albicauda Taniuchi & Garrick, 1986 (whitetail dogfish)
Scymnodalatias garricki Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988 (Azores dogfish)
Scymnodalatias oligodon Kukuyev & Konovalenko, 1988 (sparsetooth dogfish)
Scymnodalatias sherwoodi Archey, 1921 (Sherwood dogfish)
Scymnodon Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864
Scymnodon ichiharai Yano & S. Tanaka (II), 1984 (Japanese velvet dogfish)
Scymnodon macracanthus Regan, 1906 (largespine velvet dogfish)
Scymnodon plunketi Waite, 1910 (Plunket's shark)
Scymnodon ringens Barbosa du Bocage & Brito Capello, 1864 (knifetooth dogfish)
Somniosus Lesueur, 1818
Somniosus antarcticus Whitley, 1939 (southern sleeper shark)
Somniosus longus Tanaka, 1912 (frog shark)
Somniosus microcephalus Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801 (Greenland shark)
Somniosus pacificus Bigelow & Schroeder, 1944 (Pacific sleeper shark)
Somniosus rostratus Risso, 1827 (little sleeper shark)
Somniosus sp. A Not yet described (longnose sleeper shark)
Zameus D. S. Jordan & Fowler, 1903
Zameus squamulosus Günther, 1877 (velvet dogfish)

Hákarl
Main article: Hákarl

Greenland sharks of the family Somniosidae are hunted for food in Iceland. In modern times, many Greenlandic sharks used for hákarl production are purchased from fishing ships where the sharks were trapped in the fishing nets. The shark carcass is traditionally fermented in a shallow pit, with stones placed on top of the shark, allowing poisonous internal fluids, like urea and trimethylamine oxide, to be pressed and drained out of the body. The meat is then cured for several months, rendering it safe for human consumption.[6]

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References

Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Somniosidae" in FishBase. February 2011 version.
Erin McCarthy (December 18, 2014). "7 Cool Facts About Greenland Sharks". MentalFloss.com. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
Bruce A. Wright (December 8, 2000). "Sleeper Sharks Not So Sleepy". Arctic Science Journeys, University of Alaska Fairbanks. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
"Family Somniosidae - Sleeper sharks". Fish Base. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
Cherel, Y. & G. Duhamel 2004. "Antarctic jaws: cephalopod prey of sharks in Kerguelen waters" (PDF).[permanent dead link] (531 KB) Deep-Sea Research Part I 51: 17–31.
Wheatley, Gale (20 September 2010). "Iceland's Wild Culinary Traditions: Hákarl and Brennivín".