Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Ordo: Scorpaeniformes
Subordo: Scorpaenoidei
Familia: Scorpaenidae
Subfamilia: Scorpaeninae
Genus: Rhinopias
Species: Rhinopias eschmeyeri
Rhinopias eschmeyeri or Eschmeyer's scorpionfish or paddle-flap scorpionfish,[3] is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Scorpaenidae, the scorpionfishes. This species is found in the Indo-West Pacific. It grows to an average size of 16.6 cm in length. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. Although some have raised questions as to whether R. eschmeyeri is a morphological variant of Rhinopias frondosa rather than a separate species, a 2006 study by Motomura and Johnson[4] confirmed the species' existence and distinguished it from other members of the genus Rhinopias.
Taxonomy
Rhinopias eschmeyeri was first formally described in 1977 by the French speleologist and zoologist Bruno Condé [fr] with the type locality given as Mahébourg on Mauritius.[5] This species has been seen associating with R. frondosa in pairs and it has been suggested that these are the different sexes in a sexually dimorphic single species.[6] The specific name honours the American ichthyologist William N. Eschmeyer who revised the genus Rhinopias in 1973.[7]
Description
Eschmeyer's scorpionfish has a maximum length of 23 cm (9 in) and its dorsal fin has twelve spines and eight to nine soft rays while the anal fin has three spines and five soft rays.[8]
According to Motomura and Johnson (p. 502), R. eschmeyeri "differs from R. aphanes and R. frondosa in having two tentacles on the underside of the lower jaw (vs. 12-18 tentacles in R. aphanes and 9-24 in R. frondosa), lacking tentacles on the frontal below the eyes in anterior view (vs. 2-4 tentacles present in the two species), lacking distinct tentacles on the lateral surface of the body above the lateral line (vs. present), having short tentacles, without distinct branches along distal margins, on the supraocular and posterior lacrimal spines (vs. long tentacles, with distinct branches) . . . and having head, body, fins, and tentacles usually without distinct pigmentation or markings (vs. with elongate black-margined white markings each with a central region of yellow, green, or brown in R. aphanes and with numerous distinct circular dark-margined spots in R. frondosa)." In the two comparison photos at right, one can observe these differences in the number of tentacles on the underside of the jaw, the presence or absence of tentacles in front below the eyes, and the branched or unbranched form of the tentacles above the eye, as well as the obvious difference in pigmentation and markings.[4]
Rhinopias eschmeyeri yawning
For comparison, a Weedy or Lacey scorpionfish (R. frondosa or R. aphanes)
Distribution and habitat
R. eschmeyeri is native to the tropical western Indo-Pacific. Its range extends from the coasts of East Africa to Japan, Indonesia and the northern half of Australia. Its depth range is 18 to 55 m (59 to 180 ft) and it is usually found on coral reefs or rubble seabeds.[8]
Utilisation
Rhinopias eschmeyeri is a popular aquarium fish, numbers are collected from Southeast Asian waters for export to Japan from where they enter international aquarium fish trade.[1]
See also
List of marine aquarium fish species
References
Motomura, H.; Matsuura, K.; Khan, M. (2018). "Rhinopias eschmeyeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T114178035A115620847. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T114178035A115620847.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
WoRMS (2013). "Rhinopias eschmeyeri Condé, 1977". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
Gerald R. Allen; Roger Steen; Paul Humann; Ned Deloach (2003). Reef Fish Identification: Tropical Pacific. New World Publications. p. 373. ISBN 978-1878348364.
Motomura, Hiroyuki and Johnson, Jeff (2006). "Validity of the Poorly Known Scorpionfish, Rhinopias eschmeyeri, with Redescriptions of R. frondosa and R. aphanes (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae)". Copeia. 2006: 500–515. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2006)2006[500:VOTPKS]2.0.CO;2.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Rhinopias". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
"Rhinopias eschmeyeri". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. 2018. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (2 October 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 9): Suborder Scorpaenoidei: Family Scorpaenidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 1 February 2022.
"Rhinopias eschmeyeri Condé, 1977: Eschmeyer's scorpionfish". FishBase. Retrieved 2013-12-23.
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