Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Source)
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Cypriniformes
Subordo: Cyprinoidei
Familia: Leuciscidae
Subfamilia: Pogonichthyinae
Genus: Pteronotropis
The sailfin shiner (Pteronotropis hypselopterus) is a species of cyprinid fish endemic to the southeastern United States.[2]
Description
The sailfin shiner has a deep and compressed body, with a narrow base for the caudal fin. Its lateral line is curved downward. It has a maximum total length of 7 cm (2.75 in).[3]
The fish is pink-brown or olive on the top half and a white or light pink on the bottom half. It has a dark brown stripe that extends from the head to the dorsal fin, and has a steel-blue stripe along the side that has a thin pink to red line bordering above.[3]
The base of the caudal fin has a small red spot on the top and bottom of the side, while a black spot is on the center of the side of the base of the caudal fin. The dorsal fin has a dusky central band, and other fins are a yellow to light orange. The dorsal and anal fins are almost triangular, resembling sails, from which their common name is derived.[4] Breeding males have light orange edges on their dorsal fins.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The fish can be found in Gulf Coast drainages from Alabama to Florida, including in the Mobile Basin.[4]
The fish inhabit sand-bottomed and clay-bottomed pools or run waters of creeks and small rivers. They can often be found around debris or vegetation.[3]
Life history
As the fish begins its life as an embryo, its cement glands begin to develop. As a non feeding larva, glue is secreted from the cement glands and the posterior swim bladder forms. The gills, mouth, and gut lining form. The yolk sac becomes streamlined. When swim-up begins, glue secretion stops. The posterior swim bladder becomes inflated. During this stage, the fish is suspended in the water column, and the yolk is almost depleted. The anterior swim bladder forms. After initial feeding, median and pelvic fins develop, and the anterior swim bladder inflates.[5]
References
NatureServe (2013). "Pteronotropis hypselopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T202353A18236541. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202353A18236541.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
"Pteronotropis hypselopterus summary page". FishBase. Retrieved 2018-12-25.
Page, Lawrence M.; Burr, Brooks M. (2011). Peterson Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes of North America North of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780547242064.
"Sailfin Shiner (Pteronotropis hypselopterus) | TNACI FIN". tnacifin.com. Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2018-12-25.
Fletcher, Dean E.; Wilkins, S. David (May 1999). "Glue Secretion and Adhesion by Larvae of Sailfin Shiner (Pteronotropis hypselopterus)". Copeia. 1999 (2): 274–280. doi:10.2307/1447472. JSTOR 1447472.
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