Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Siluriformes
Familia: Pimelodidae
Genus: Propimelodus
Species: P. araguayae – P. caesius – P. eigenmanni
Name
Propimelodus Lundberg & Parisi, 2002
References
Marcelo S. Rocha, Renildo R. de Oliveira & Lúcia H. Rapp Py-Daniel, 2007, Neotropical Ichthyology 5(3): 279–284 [1]
Propimelodus is a genus of South American catfish of the family Pimelodidae.
Taxonomy
The type species of this genus, P. eigenmanni, was first described in 1946 under the genus Pimelodus. In 2002, the genus Propimelodus was described for this species.[1] Shortly after, in 2006, the species P. caesius was described to this genus and in 2007 another new species, P. araguayae was described. Other species will be described in the future.[2]
Propimelodus is classified under the "Calophysus-Pimelodus clade". Within this clade, it is considered a part of the "Pimelodus-group" of Pimelodids, which also includes Pimelodus, Exallodontus, Duopalatinus, Cheirocerus, Iheringichthys, Bergiaria, Bagropsis, Parapimelodus, Platysilurus, and Platystomatichthys.[1]
Species
There are currently three recognized species in this genus:[3]
Propimelodus araguayae Rocha, de Oliveira & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2007
Propimelodus caesius Parisi, Lundberg & DoNascimiento, 2006
Propimelodus eigenmanni (van der Stigchel, 1946)
Distribution
P. eigenmanni originate from the lower Amazon River as well as large tributaries such as the Xingu, Trombetas, Jari River, and lower Madeira River in Brazil, and the rivers Kourou and Oyapock in French Guiana.[1] P. caesius has the largest range of the genus.[4] P. caesius is also found in many of these regions, with tributary range including Tocantins, Pará, Jari, Xingu, Trombetas, Madeira, Negro, Purús, Japurá, Juruá, and Içá rivers.[2] P. araguayae is only known from the middle Araguaia River.[4]
Appearance and anatomy
These fish have three pairs of barbels. As in other pimelodids, these whiskers are extremely long; the maxillary barbels extend past the base of the caudal fin. Propimelodus species have a rather long adipose fin.[1] Unlike its congeners, P. araguayae has a black spot on its dorsal fin.[4]
P. eigenmanni grows not much longer than 20 centimetres (8 in).[1] P. eigenmanni is a pale blue-gray to tan.[1] P. caesius also has an attractive blue coloration.[2]
Ecology
Propimelodus lives in swiftly flowing waters of open channels of the Amazon River and many of its large tributaries; P. caesius is one of the most common fish in these habitats.[2]
P. eigenmanni associate with mud or detritus substrates.[1] P. caesius is found in turbid, blackwater habitats over sand, clay, and detritus substrates.[2] P. eigenmanni is nocturnal, found in tidally influenced freshwater habitats on mud substrate and near dense vegetation.[1] P. araguayae has been found near the edge of rivers among macrophytes.[4]
References
Lundberg, John G.; Parisi, Béatrice M. (2002). "Propimelodus, new genus, and redescription of Pimelodus eigenmanni Van der Stigchel 1946, a long-recognized yet poorly-known South American catfish (Pimelodidae: Siluriformes)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 152 (1): 75–88. doi:10.1635/0097-3157(2002)152[0075:PNGARO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 86213152.
Parisi, Béatrice M.; Lundberg, John G.; Donascimiento, Carlos (2006). "Propimelodus caesius a new species of long-finned pimelodid catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes) from the Amazon Basin, South America" (PDF). Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 155 (1): 67–78. doi:10.1635/i0097-3157-155-1-67.1. S2CID 86283207.
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2012). Species of Propimelodus in FishBase. February 2012 version.
Rocha, Marcelo S.; Oliveira, Renildo R. de; Rappy Py-Daniel, Lúcia H. (2007). "A new species of Propimelodus Lundberg & Parisi, 2002 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from rio Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil". Neotrop. Ichthyol. 5 (3): 279–284. doi:10.1590/S1679-62252007000300007.
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