Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Priacanthiformes
Familia: Priacanthidae
Subfamiliae: Priacanthinae – Pseudopriacanthinae
Genera: Cookeolus - Heteropriacanthus - Priacanthus - Pristigenys
Name
Priacanthidae Günther, 1859
References
Primary references
Günther, A. 1859 Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum. Catalogue of the acanthopterygian fishes in the collection of the British Museum. Gasterosteidae, Berycidae, Percidae, Aphredoderidae, Pristipomatidae, Mullidae, Sparidae. 1: i–xxxi + 1–524. BHL Reference page.
Links
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. Editors. 2006. FishBase, version (02/2006). [1]
Vernacular names
čeština: Očařovití
English: Bigeyes
日本語: キントキダイ科
The Priacanthidae, the bigeyes, are a family of 18 species of marine ray-finned fishes. "Catalufa" is an alternate common name for some members of the Priacanthidae. The etymology of the scientific name (prioo-, to bite + akantha, thorn) refers to the family's very rough, spined scales. The common name of "bigeye" refers to the member species' unusually large eyes, suited to their carnivorous and nocturnal lifestyles. Priacanthidae are typically colored bright red, but some have patterns in silver, dusky brown, or black. Most species reach a maximum total length of about 30 cm (12 in), although in a few species lengths of over 50 cm (20 in) are known.
Most members of this family are native to tropical and subtropical parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans, but four species (Cookeolus japonicus, Heteropriacanthus cruentatus, Priacanthus arenatus, and Pristigenys alta) are found in the Atlantic. They tend to live near rock outcroppings or reefs, although a few are known to inhabit open waters. Many species are found in relatively deep waters, below depths reachable by normal scuba diving. Some species are fished for food.
The earliest identified Priacanthidae fossils date to the middle Eocene epoch of the lower Tertiary period, or roughly 40 to 50 million years ago.
Species
Moontail bullseye, Priacanthus hamrur
Short bigeye, Pristigenys alta
Paeony bulleye (Priacanthus blochii) from the Red Sea
Red bigeye (Priacanthus macracanthus) in a Philippine fish market
The 18 species in four genera are:
Genus Cookeolus Fowler, 1928
Cookeolus japonicus (Cuvier, 1829) - Longfinned bullseye
†Cookeolus spinolacrymatus Kon & Yoshino, 1997
Genus Heteropriacanthus Fitch & Crooke, 1984
Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (Lacépède, 1801) - Glasseye
Genus Priacanthus Oken, 1817
Priacanthus alalaua Jordan & Evermann, 1903 - Alalaua
Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, 1829 - Atlantic bigeye
Priacanthus blochii Bleeker, 1853 - Paeony bulleye
Priacanthus fitchi Starnes, 1988
Priacanthus hamrur (Forsskål, 1775) - Moontail bullseye
Priacanthus macracanthus Cuvier, 1829 - Red bigeye
Priacanthus meeki Jenkins, 1903 - Hawaiian bigeye
Priacanthus nasca Starnes, 1988
Priacanthus prolixus Starnes, 1988 - Elongate bulleye
Priacanthus sagittarius Starnes, 1988 - Arrow bulleye
Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846 - Purple-spotted bigeye
Priacanthus zaiserae Starnes & Moyer, 1988
† Priacanthus liui Tao, 1993
Genus Pristigenys Agassiz 1835
Pristigenys alta (Gill, 1862) - Short bigeye
Pristigenys meyeri (Günther, 1872)
Pristigenys niphonia (Cuvier, 1829) - Japanese bigeye
Pristigenys serrula (Gilbert, 1891) - Popeye catalufa
†Pristigenys substriatus (Blainville, 1818)
Timeline of genera
References
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Priacanthidae". FishBase. January 2006 version.
Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2011-05-19.
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