Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Ovalentaria
Superordo: Atherinomorphae
Ordo: Cyprinodontiformes
Subordo: Cyprinodontoidei
Familia: Poeciliidae
Subfamilia: Poeciliinae
Tribus (10): Alfarini - Cnesterodontini - Gambusini - Girardini - Heterandrini - Poeciliini - Priapellini - Scolichthyini – Tomeurini – Xenodexini
Name
Poeciliinae Bonaparte, 1831
References
Ghedotti, M.J. 2000. Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomy of the poecilioid fishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). Zoological journal of the Linnean Society 130(1): 1–53. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb02194.x Reference page.
Hrbek et al. (2007) A phylogenetic and biogeographic perspective on the evolution of poeciliid fishes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 43 (3): 986–998. PDF
Lucinda & Reis (2005) Systematics of the subfamily Poeciliinae Bonaparte (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), with an emphasis on the tribe Cnesterodontini Hubbs. Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (1):1-60. PDF
Nelson, S. 2006: Fishes of the World, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7
Links
Poeciliinae – Taxon details on Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
Poeciliinae is a subfamily of killifish from the family Poeciliidae which contains species from the Americas which are collectively known as the livebearers because many, but not all, of the species within the subfamily are ovoviviparous.
Characteristics
All of the members of the subfamily Poeciliinae are ovoviviparous, i.e. they give birth to live young, except Tomereus, with internal fertilisation and a large yolk in the egg. The males have the anterior rays, normally the third to fifth rays, in the anal fin elongated to form an intromittent organ called the gonopodium.[2]
Habitat and distribution
The Poeciliinae are predominantly freshwater fish but some species live in brackish water, and some can even tolerate seawater. They are found in North America as far north as southern Canada, Central America and South America through to Patagonia. Some of the world's most popular aquarium fish such as guppies, swordtails and mollies are from this subfamily.[2] They have been introduced to many regions in the world, either accidentally or to control mosquitoes, and have become invasive species threatening local populations of similar, small fishes.[3] For example, the Eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki is considered to be one of the 100 worst invasive species in the world and is responsible for declines in small native aquatic species worldwide.[4]
Subdivisions
The following tribes and genera are classified within the subfamily Poeciliinae:[1][2]
Tribe Alfarini Hubbs, 1924
Genus Alfaro Meek, 1912
Tribe Priapellini Ghedotti, 2000
Genus Priapella Regan 1913
Tribe Gambusiini Gill, 1889
Genus Belonesox Kner, 1860
Genus Brachyrhaphis Regan, 1913
Genus Gambusia Poey, 1854
Genus Heterophallus Regan, 1914
Tribe Heterandriini Hubbs, 1924
Genus Heterandria Agassiz, 1853
Genus Neoheterandria Henn 1916
Genus Poeciliopsis Regan 1913
Genus Priapichthys Regan 1913
Genus Pseudopoecilia Regan 1913
Genus Pseudoxiphophorus Bleeker, 1860
Genus Xenophallus Hubbs, 1924
Tribe Girardini Hubbs, 1924
Genus Carlhubbsia Whitley, 1951
Genus Girardinus Poey, 1854
Genus Quintana Hubbs, 1934
Tribe Poeciliini Bonaparte, 1831
Genus Limia Poey, 1854
Genus Micropoecilia Hubbs, 1926
Genus Pamphorichthys Regan, 1913
Genus Phallichthys Hubbs, 1924
Genus Poecilia Bloch & Schneider, 1801
Genus Xiphophorus Heckel, 1848
Tribe Cnesterodontini Hubbs, 1924
Genus Cnesterodon Garman, 1895
Genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907
Genus Phalloptychus Eigenmann, 1907
Genus Phallotorynus Henn, 1916
Genus Tomeurus Eigenmann, 1909
Tribe Scolichthyini Rosen, 1967
Genus Scolichthys Rosen, 1967
Tribe Xenodexini Hubbs, 1950
Genus Xenodexia Hubbs, 1950
References
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230.
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. p. 379. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
W.R Courtenay; G.K. Meffe (1989). "Small fishes in strange places: a review of introduced poeciliids". In Gary K. Meffe; Franklin F. Snelson (eds.). Ecology and evolution of livebearing fishes (Poeciliidae). Prentice Hall. pp. 319–331. ISBN 0132227207.
"The effects of invasive fish on native species". CORDIS EU Research Results. European Commission. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
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