Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Ordo: Scorpaeniformes
Subordo: Scorpaenoidei
Familia: Peristediidae
Genus: Peristedion
Species: P. altipinne – P. amblygenys – P. antillarum – P. barbiger – P. brevirostre – P. cataphractum – P. crustosum – P. ecuadorense – P. gracile – P. greyae – P. imberbe – P. investigatoris – P. liorhynchus – P. longispatha – P. miniatum – P. nesium – P. nierstraszi – P. orientale – P. paucibarbiger – P. richardsi – P. riversandersoni – P. thompsoni – P. truncatum – P. unicuspis – P. weberi
Name
Peristedion Lacepède, 1801
Type species: Peristedion malarmat Lacepède, 1801 (= Trigla cataphracta Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
Octonus Rafinesque, 1810
Panichthys (subgenus of Peristedion) Whitley, 1933
Peristedium Jordan & Gilbert, 1883
Peristethidium Agassiz, 1846
Peristethus Kaup, 1858
Polyacantichthys Kaup, 1873
Vulsiculus Jordan & Evermann, 1896
Peristedion gracile
References
Lacepède, B. G. E.; 1801: Histoire naturelle des poissons. 3: 1–558, Pls. 1-34.
Kawai, T. 2016. Peristedion richardsi sp. nov. (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae) from Indonesian waters, with synonymy between Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock, 1894 and Peristedion nierstraszi Weber, 1913. Zootaxa 4171(2): 335–346. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.6. Reference page.
Peristedion is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Peristediidae, the armoured gurnards or armored sea robins. These fishes are found in Atlantic and Indo-West Pacific ocean waters.
Taxonomy
Peristedion was first described as a genus in 1801 by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède when he described Peristedion marmalat from the Mediterranean Sea and the Moluccas. In 1826 Jean Baptiste Bory de Saint-Vincent designated P. marmalat as the type species of the genus.[1][2] P. marmalat is now treated as a junior synonym of Carl Linnaeus's Trigla cataphracta, which he described from the Mediterranean Sea off southern France.[2] Within the family Peristediidae there are 2 clades. One, which contains Peristedion, is a monotypic clade, while the other clade is made up of the remaining 5 genera of the Peristediidae.[3] The name of the genus Peristedion is a combination of peri, meaning "around", and stedion, which is a diminutive of stethos, which is Greek for "breast" or "chest", an allusion to the bony plates lining the underside of the body, similar to a plastron, the feature Lacépède use to distinguish Peristidion from Trigla.[4]
Species
Peristedion currently contains 24 recognized species:[5]
Peristedion altipinne Regan, 1903
Peristedion amblygenys Fowler, 1938 [6]
Peristedion antillarum Teague, 1961 (Long-nose armoured searobin)
Peristedion barbiger Garman, 1899
Peristedion brevirostre (Günther, 1860) (Flat-head searobin)
Peristedion cataphractum (Linnaeus, 1758) (African armoured searobin)
Peristedion crustosum Garman, 1899
Peristedion ecuadorense Teague, 1961
Peristedion gracile Goode & T. H. Bean, 1896 (Slender searobin)
Peristedion greyae G. C. Miller, 1967
Peristedion imberbe Poey, 1861
Peristedion liorhynchus (Günther, 1872) [6]
Peristedion longicornutum Fricke, Kawai, Yato & Motomura, 2017 (Longhorn armored gurnard)
Peristedion longispatha Goode & T. H. Bean] 1886
Peristedion miniatum Goode, 1880 (Armoured searobin)
Peristedion nesium W. A. Bussing, 2010
Peristedion orientale Temminck & Schlegel, 1843 [6]
Peristedion paucibarbiger Castro-Aguirre & García-Domínguez, 1984
Peristedion richardsi Kawai, 2016 [7]
Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock, 1894
Peristedion thompsoni Fowler, 1952 (Rim-spine searobin)
Peristedion truncatum (Günther, 1880) (Black armoured searobin)
Peristedion unicuspis G. C. Miller, 1967
Peristedion weberi J. L. B. Smith, 1934
Characteristics
Peristedion armoured gurnards have a ventrally flattened head and body which is protected by a bony armour of plates and spines. There is a two-pointed rostral projection on the snout and there are barbels under the lower jaw. They do not have robust spines on the preoperculum. The first dorsal fin has 7 or 8 spines and the second dorsal fin has between 18 and 20 soft rays while the anal fin has between 20 and 23 soft rays. There are between 11 and 13 fin rays enclosed within the membrane of the pectoral fin plus the two lowermost rays being separate. The pelvic fins are widely spaced, located under the base of the pectoral fins, and have 1 spine and 5 soft rays.[8] The smallest species in the genus is P. paucibarbiger, which has a maximum published standard length of 7 cm (2.8 in). The largest are the African armoured sea robin (P. cataphractum) and the armoured gurnard (P. liorhynchus) both of which have maximum published standard lengths of 540 cm (210 in).[5]
Distribution
Peristedion armoured gurnards occur on either sides of the Atlantic Ocean, in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Indo-West-Pacific and eastern Pacific Ocean.[8]
References
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Peristediinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Peristedion". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
Toshio Kawai (2008). "Phylogenetic Systematics of the Family Peristediidae (Teleostei: Actinopterygii)". Species Diversity. 13 (1): 1–34. doi:10.12782/specdiv.13.1.
Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (26 June 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Peristedion". FishBase. February 2022 version.
Ono, M. & Kawai, T. (2014): Review of Armored Searobins of the Genus Peristedion(Teleostei: Peristediidae) in Japanese Waters. Species Diversity, 19 (2): 117–131.
Kawai, T. (2016): Peristedion richardsi sp. nov. (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Peristediidae) from Indonesian waters, with synonymy between Peristedion riversandersoni Alcock, 1894 and Peristedion nierstraszi Weber, 1913. Zootaxa, 4171 (2): 335–346.
"Genus: Peristedion, Amoured Sea-Robins, Armoured-Gurnards". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
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