Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Ordo: Syngnathiformes
Subordo: Syngnathoidei
Familia: Pegasidae
Genera (2): Eurypegasus – Pegasus
References
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2006. FishBase, version (02/2006). [1]
Vernacular names
čeština: Dráčkovití
English: Seamoths, Dragonfish
polski: pegazowate
ไทย: ปลาผีเสื้อทะเล
Türkçe: Ejder balığıgiller
The seamoths make up a family of fishes, the Pegasidae, within the order Syngnathiformes. They are named for Pegasus, a creature from Greek mythology. Seamoths are notable for their unusual appearance, including flattened bodies, the presence of large, wing-like, pectoral fins, a long snout, and a body encased in thick, bony plates. They are found primarily in coastal tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific.[1]
Biology
Seamoths have modified pelvic fins that allow them to "walk" across the sea bottom where they live. Their jaws are ventral, located behind their long rostrum, and are toothless. Their mouth is highly specialized, and can form a tube-like mouth used to suck worms and other small invertebrates from their burrows.[2] They periodically molt their skin, perhaps as often as every five days.[3]
Conservation
Pegasus laternarius is listed as a Vulnerable species by the IUCN, while the remaining four species of seamoth remain Data Deficient. Threats to seamoths come from various sources, including fisheries where they are caught as bycatch or on purpose for use in traditional Chinese medicines. They are also collected for sale in the aquarium trade. Bottom trawls and coastal development may detrimentally alter habitat used by benthic seamoths. Life history characteristics such as low population sizes and monogamy with long-term pair bonding put them at risk of exploitation.[4][5][6][7][8]
References
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Pegasidae". FishBase. September 2012 version.
Orr, J.W. & Pietsch, T.W. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 171. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
Herold D, and Clark E. 1993. Monogamy, spawning, and skin-shedding of the seamoth, Eurypegasus draconis (Pisces: Pegasidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 37:219-236.
Pollom, R. (2017). "Eurypegasus draconis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T8407A67625953. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T8407A67625953.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Pollom, R. (2017). "Pegasus laternarius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T16475A1073433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T16475A1073433.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
Vincent, A. (1996). "Pegasus lancifer". IUCN. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
Sorensen, M. & Vincent, A. (2010). "Pegasus volitans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
Sorensen, M. & Vincent, A. (2012). "Pegasus papilio". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2012.
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