Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Siluriformes
Familia: Akysidae
Genus: Parakysis
Species: P. anomalopteryx – P. grandis – P. hystriculus – P. longirostris – P. notialis – P. verrucosus
Name
Parakysis Herre, 1940
Parakysis is a genus of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Akysidae. It includes six species.[1]
Distribution
Parakysis species are found in small forest streams of Sundaic Southeast Asia.[2] P. anomalopteryx originates from the Kapuas River basin in western Borneo. P. grandis inhabits the Kapuas and Kuching River basins in Borneo and Deli, Indragiri, and Batang Hari basins in Sumatra. P. longirostris is distributed in Singapore, peninsular Malaysia, and the Riau Archipelago. P. verrucosus is known from Peninsular Malaysia and the Riau Archipelago.[3] The discovery of P. notialis in 2003 expanded the known range of Parakysis species to the Barito River basin in southern Borneo.[2]
Description
They are cryptically colored fishes that have a highly rugose skin with tubercles all over the body, branched mandibular barbels, a long, low adipose ridge, and a forked caudal fin.[2] Parakysis species characteristically have pigmented tubercles and lateral lobes of the lower lip. They are also distinguished from Akysis by well-developed barbels, absence of teeth on the palatine, non-serrated pectoral and dorsal spines, and the apparent absent of the lateral line.[4] They range in size from 2.0–6.2 centimetres (.8–2.4 in) SL.[5][6][7][8][9]
Ecology
P. anomalopteryx is found in small forest streams.[5] P. longirostris is nocturnal and occurs in clumps of vegetation in streams with flowing waters. It is sympatric with P. verrucosus.[7] P. verrucosus is found in primary peat streams with dense litter falls.[9]
Species
Parakysis anomalopteryx Roberts, 1989
Parakysis grandis Ng & Lim, 1995
Parakysis hystriculus Ng, 2009
Parakysis longirostris Ng & Lim, 1995 (Longnose little warty catfish)
Parakysis notialis Ng & Kottelat, 2003
Parakysis verrucosus Herre, 1940
References
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2014). Species of Parakysis in FishBase. June 2014 version.
Ng, Heok Hee; Kottelat, Maurice (2003). "Parakysis notialis, a new species of akysid catfish from Borneo (Siluriformes: Akysidae)" (PDF). Ichthyological Research. 50: 48–51. doi:10.1007/s102280300006. hdl:2027.42/42446.
Ferraris, Carl J. Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1418: 1–628. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1418.1.1.
Vishwanath, W.; Linthoingambi, I.; Juliana, L. (2007). "Fishes of the genus Akysis Bleeker from India (Teleostei: Akysidae)". Zoos' Print Journal. 22 (5): 2675–2678. doi:10.11609/jott.zpj.1547.2675-8.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Parakysis anomalopteryx". FishBase. July 2007 version.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Parakysis grandis". FishBase. July 2007 version.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Parakysis longirostrkis". FishBase. July 2007 version.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Parakysis notialis". FishBase. July 2007 version.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Parakysis verrucosus". FishBase. July 2007 version.
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