Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohort: Osteoglossocephala
Cohort/Superordo: Osteoglossomorpha
Ordo: Osteoglossiformes
Familia: Pantodontidae
Genera (1): †Chauliopareion – Pantodon – †Singida
Name
Pantodontidae Günther, 1880
Synonyms
†Singididae Greenwood and Patterson, 1967 (synonymized by Murray & Wilson, 2005 with Osteoglossidae)
References
Lavoué, S. 2016. Was Gondwanan breakup the cause of the intercontinental distribution of Osteoglossiformes? A time-calibrated phylogenetic test combining molecular, morphological, and paleontological evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99: 34–43. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.03.008 Paywall. Reference page.
Links
Pantodontidae and its species in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Genera of Pantodontidae (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Vernacular names
català: Peix papallona africà
Deutsch: Schmetterlingsfisch
English: Freshwater butterflyfish
español: Pantodon buchholzi
magyar: Pillangóhalfélék
italiano: Pantodon buchholzi
日本語: バタフライフィッシュ
lietuvių: Gėlavandeniai drugeliai
Nederlands: Vlindervis
polski: Motylowiec
português: Borboleta-africano
ไทย: ปลาผีเสื้อ (น้ำจืด)
Pantodontidae is a family of ray-finned fish in the order Osteoglossiformes. It contains the living freshwater butterflyfish (Pantodon buchholzi) of Africa, as well as several extinct marine species from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) of the Sannine Formation in Lebanon.
Taxonomy
The Cretaceous marine pantodontids are among the earliest known marine osteoglossomorph genera.[1] They physically differ greatly from Pantodon, to the extent that some of them were previously considered either ancestral codlets or crestfish,[2] but they all share specific cranial elements with the extant Pantodon, supporting their relationship to it. They seem to form a grade leading to the extant Pantodon, where Capassopiscis appears to be the most basal genus, while Palaeopantodon appears to be the sister genus to Pantodon, with the rest occupying successive positions between these two genera.[2][3] The marine nature of ancestral pantodontids suggests that Pantodon colonized freshwater habitats independent of other osteoglossiform fish.
Genera
Pantodon Peters, 1877
Pantodon buchholzi Peters, 1877 (freshwater butterflyfish)
†Capassopiscis Taverne, 2022[2]
†Capassopiscis pankowskii Taverne, 2022
†Cretapantodon Taverne, 2024[4]
†Cretapantodon polli Taverne, 2024
†Palaeopantodon Taverne, 2021[3]
†Palaeopantodon vandersypeni Taverne, 2021
†Pankowskipiscis Taverne, 2021[5]
†Pankowskipiscis haqelensis Taverne, 2021
†Petersichthys Taverne, 2021[6]
†Petersichthys libanicus Taverne, 2021
†Prognathoglossum Taverne & Capasso, 2012[1]
†Prognathoglossum kalassyi Taverne & Capasso, 2012
References
Taverne, L.; Capasso, L. (2012). "Osteology and relationships of Prognathoglossum kalassyi gen. and sp. nov. (Teleostei, Osteoglossiformes, Pantodontidae) from the marine Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of En Nammoura (Lebanon)" (PDF). Cybium. 36 (4): 563–574.
Taverne, L. (2022). "The Pantodontidae (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha) from the marine Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Lebanon. 4°. Capassopiscis pankowskii gen. and sp. nov" (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 46 (1): 149–158.
Taverne, L. (2021). "The Pantodontidae (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha) from the marine Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Lebanon. 3°. Palaeopantodon vandersypeni gen. and sp. nov" (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 45 (4): 699–708.
Taverne, L. (2022). "The Pantodontidae (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha) from the marine Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Lebanon. 6°. Cretapantodon polli gen. and sp. nov" (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 46 (1): 149–158.
Taverne, L. (2021). "The Pantodontidae (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha) from the marine Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Lebanon. 1°. Pankowskipiscis haqelensis gen. and sp. nov" (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 45 (4): 551–562.
Taverne, L. (2021). "The Pantodontidae (Teleostei, Osteoglossomorpha) from the marine Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Lebanon. 2°. Petersichthys libanicus gen. and sp. nov" (PDF). Geo-Eco-Trop. 45 (4): 563–571.
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