Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Cladus: Craniata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Ordo: †Palaeonisciformes
Subordines: †Palaeoniscoidei - †Platysomoidei - †Redfieldioidei
Familiae: †Andreolepididae - †Boreolepidae - †Canobiidae - †Coccolepidae - †Gonatodidae - †Haplolepidae - †Palaeoniscidae - †Varialepididae
Genera inc. sedis.: †Agecephalichthys – †Amblypterina – †Bendenius – †Borichthys – †Brachypareion – †Browneichthys – †Burbonella – †Caelatichthys – †Caruichthys – †Charleuxia – †Chichia – †Coccocephalichthys – †Cornuboniscus – †Cosmolepis – †Cosmoptychius – †Daedalichthys – †Daqingshaniscus – †Decazella – †Dialipina – †Dorsolepis – †Dorypteroidei – †Drydenius – †Dwykia – †Eigilia – †Eurynotoides – †Evenkia – †Fukangichthys – †Gardinerichthys – †Gyrolepidoides – †Huanghelepsis – †Igornella – †Illiniichthys – †Inichthys – †Kentuckia – †Korutichthys – †Luederia – †Neuburgella – †Nozamichthys – †Orvikuina – †Osorioichthys – †Palaeothrissum – †Paradrydenius – †Paragonatodus – †Paralogoniscus – †Paramesolepis – †Plesiococcolepis – †Protamblyptera – †Psilichthys – †Rhabdolepis – †Sakamenichthys – †Scanilepis – †Schaefferius – †Severnichthys – †Sinoniscus – †Songanella – †Stegotrachelus – †Strepheoschema – †Styracopterus – †Sundayichthys – †Tanaocrossus – †Tegeolepis – †Tienshaniscus – †Urosthenes – †Uydenia – †Westollia – †Whiteichthys – †Willomorichthys – †Zaxilepis
Name
†Palaeonisciformes Hay 1902
References
Hay, O. P., 1902: Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179: 1–868. BHL
Links
Fossilworks
The Palaeonisciformes are an extinct order of early ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) which began in the Late Silurian and ended in the Late Cretaceous. The name of the order is derived from the Greek words paleo (ancient) and ὀνίσκος (oniskos or woodlouse), probably pertaining to the organization of the fishes' scales, similar to the exoskeletal plating of woodlice.
Classification
Acropholis stensioei fossil at the Geological Museum in Copenhagen
It is not a natural group, but is instead a paraphyletic assemblage of the early members of several ray-finned fish lineages. It has traditionally encompassed most Paleozoic actinopterygians, except those that exhibit strange body forms (such as the deep-bodied Platysomoidea, or those assigned definitively to any of the living groups of ray-finned fishes.
Andreolepis hedei has proven so far to be the earliest-known actinopterygiian, living around 420 million years ago (Late Silurian in Russia, Sweden, Estonia, and Latvia. Actinopterygians underwent an extensive diversification during the Carboniferous, after the end-Devonian Hangenberg extinction.
Taxonomy
Order †Palaeonisciformes Hay, 1902 sensu stricto [Palaeoniscida Moy-Thomas & Miles, 1971][2][3][4]
Family †Palaeoniscidae Vogt, 1852
Genus ?†Agecephalichthys Wade, 1935
Species †Agecephalichthys granulatus Wade, 1935
Genus ?†Cryphaeiolepis Traquair, 1881
Species †Cryphaeiolepis scutata Traquair, 1881
Genus ?†Cteniolepidotrichia Poplin & Su, 1992
Species †Cteniolepidotrichia turfanensis Poplin & Su, 1992
Genus ?†Duwaichthys Liu et al., 1990
Species †Duwaichthys mirabilis Liu et al., 1990
Genus ?†Ferganiscus Sytchevskaya & Yakolev, 1999
Species †Ferganiscus osteolepis Sytchevskaya & Yakolev, 1999
Genus ?†Shuniscus Su, 1983
Species †Shuniscus longianalis Su, 1983
Genus ?†Suchonichthys Minich, 2001
Species †Suchonichthys molini Minich, 2001
Genus ?†Trachelacanthus Fischer De Waldheim, 1850
Species †Trachelacanthus stschurovskii Fischer De Waldheim, 1850
Genus ?†Triassodus Su, 1984
Species †Triassodus yanchangensis Su, 1984
Genus ?†Turfania Liu & Martínez, 1973
Species †T. taoshuyuanensis Liu & Martínez, 1973
Species †T. varta Wang, 1979
Genus ?†Turgoniscus Jakovlev, 1968
Species †Turgoniscus reissi Jakovlev, 1968
Genus ?†Xingshikous Liu, 1988
Species †Xingshikous xishanensis Liu, 1988
Genus ?†Yaomoshania Poplin et al., 1991
Species †Yaomoshania minutosquama Poplin et al., 1991
Genus †Gyrolepis Agassiz, 1833 non Kade, 1858
Species †G. albertii Agassiz, 1833
Species †G. gigantea Agassiz, 1833
Species †G. maxima Agassiz, 1833
Species †G. quenstedti Dames, 1888
Species †G. tenuistriata Agassiz, 1833
Genus †Gyrolepidoides Cabrera, 1944
Species †G. creyanus Schaeffer, 1955
Species †G. cuyanus Cabrera, 1944
Species †G. multistriatus Rusconi, 1948
Genus †Palaeothrissum de Blainville, 1818
Species †P. elegans Sedgwick, 1829
Species †P. macrocephalum de Blainville, 1818
Species †P. magnum de Blainville, 1818
Genus †Westollia White & MoyThomas, 1940 [Lepidopterus Pohlig, 1892 non Agassiz, 1846]
Genus †Palaeoniscum de Blainville, 1818 [Palaeoniscus Agassiz, 1833 non Von Meyer, 1858; Palaeoniscas Rzchak, 1881; Eupalaeoniscus Rzchak, 1881; Palaeomyzon Weigelt, 1930; Geomichthys Sauvage, 1888]
Species †P. angustum (Rzehak, 1881) [Palaeoniscas angustus Rzehak, 1881]
Species †P. antipodeum (Egerton, 1864) [Palaeoniscus antipodeus Egerton, 1864]
Species †P. antiquum Williams, 1886
Species †P. arenaceum Berger, 1832
Species †P. capense (Bloom, 1913) [Palaeoniscus capensis Bloom, 1913]
Species †P. comtum (Agassiz, 1833) [Palaeoniscus comtus Agassiz, 1833]
Species †P. daedalium Yankevich & Minich, 1998
Species †P. devonicum Clarke, 1885
Species †P. elegans (Sedgwick, 1829) [Palaeoniscus elegans Sedgwick, 1829]
Species †P. freieslebeni de Blainville, 1818 [Eupalaeoniscus freieslebeni (de Brainville, 1818); Palaeoniscus freieslebeni (de Brainville, 1818)]
Species †P. hassiae (Jaekel, 1898) [Galeocerdo contortus hassiae Jaekel, 1898; Palaeomyzon hassiae (Jaekel, 1898)]
Species †P. kasanense Geinitz & Vetter, 1880
Species †P. katholitzkianum (Rzehak, 1881) [Palaeoniscas katholitzkianus Rzehak, 1881]
Species †P. landrioti (le Sauvage, 1890) [Palaeoniscus landrioti le Sauvage, 1890]
Species †P. longissimum (Agassiz, 1833) [Palaeoniscus longissimus Agassiz, 1833]
Species †P. macrophthalmum (McCoy, 1855) [Palaeoniscus macrophthalmus McCoy, 1855]
Species †P. magnum (Woodward, 1937) [Palaeoniscus magnus Woodward, 1937]
Species †P. moravicum (Rzehak, 1881) [Palaeoniscas moravicus Rzehak, 1881]
Species †P. promtu (Rzehak, 1881) [Palaeoniscas promtus Rzehak, 1881]
Species †P. reticulatum Williams, 1886
Species †P. scutigerum Newberry, 1868
Species †P. vratislavensis (Agassiz, 1833) [Palaeoniscus vratislavensis Agassiz, 1833]
Incertae sedis
Families that at one time or another were placed in the Palaeonisciformes:
†Acropholidae Kazantseva-Selezneva, 1977
†Atherstoniidae Gardiner, 1969
†Brazilichthyidae Cox & Hutchinson, 1991
†Centrolepididae Gardier, 1960
†Coccolepididae Berg, 1940 corrig.
†Commentryidae Gardiner, 1963
†Cryphiolepididae MoyThomas, 1939 corrig.
†Dwykiidae Gardiner, 1969
†Holuridae Moy-Thomas, 1939
†Igornichthyidae Heyler, 1977
†Irajapintoseidae Beltan, 1978
†Monesedeiphidae Beltan, 1989
†Moythomasiidae Kazantseva, 1971
†Rhabdolepididae Gardiner, 1963
†Stegotrachelidae Gardiner, 1963
†Thrissonotidae Berg, 1955
†Tienshaniscidae Lu & Chen, 2010
†Turseodontidae Bock, 1959 corrig.
†Uighuroniscidae Jin, 1996
†Urosthenidae Woodward, 1931
References
"Palaeonisciformes". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Actinopterygii - Ray-finned Fishes". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.
van der Laan, Richard (2016). "Family-group names of fossil fishes".
External links
Märss, Tiiu (2001). "Andreolepis (Actinopterygii) in the Upper Silurian of northern Eurasia" (PDF, 1.4 MB). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology. 50 (3): 174–189. ISSN 1736-6046.
Gardiner, Brian; Schaeffer, Bobb; Masserie, Judy A. (August 2005). "A review of lower actinopterygian phylogeny". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 144 (4): 511–525. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00181.x.
Sallan, Lauren Cole; Coates, Michael I. (1 June 2010). "End-Devonian extinction and a bottleneck in the early evolution of modern jawed vertebrates". PNAS. 107 (22): 10131–10135. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10710131S. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914000107. PMC 2890420. PMID 20479258.
Palaeonisciformes at University of Bristol
Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. ISBN 978-0-87710-450-6. ISSN 0007-5779. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
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