Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Euteleosteomorpha
Subcohors: Neoteleostei
Infracohors: Eurypterygia
Sectio: Ctenosquamata
Subsectio: Acanthomorphata
Divisio/Superordo: Acanthopterygii
Subdivisio: Percomorphaceae
Series: Eupercaria
Ordo: Spariformes
Familia: Nemipteridae
Genera: Nemipterus - Parascolopsis - Pentapodus - Scaevius - Scolopsis
References
Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2006. FishBase, version (02/2006). [1]
Vernacular names
čeština: Špičatníkovití
English: False snappers, Threadfin bream
Tagalog: Bisugo
中文: 金線魚科
Nemipteridae, the threadfin breams, whiptail breams, or Sultan Ibrahim, is a family of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the order Spariformes. These fishes are found in the Indo-West Pacific region.
Taxonomy
Nemipteridae was first proposed as a family in 1913 by the English ichthyologist Charles Tate Regan[1] with the genera Heterognathodes, Nemipterus and Scolopsis included in the family.[2] Traditionally this family has been classified within the Perciformes, as part of the group of families some authorities called the "Sparoid lineage", this included the families Centrarchidae, Nemipteridae, Lethrinidae and Sparidae.[3] Molecular phylogenetics as used in more modern classifications has meant that the Spariformes is recognised as a valid order within the Percomorpha containing six families, with the Centrarchidae retained in the Perciformes, and Callanthidae, Sillaginidae and Lobotidae included.[4] Other workers have found that the Centrarchidae is synonymous with Sparidae and that the Spariformes contains only the remaining three families of the "Sparoid lineage".[5]
Etymology
Nemipteridae has Nemipterus as its type genus and this name is a compound of nematos, meaning "thread", and pterus, which means "fin", and this is a reference to the filaments on the dorsal and caudal fin rays of the type species of Nemipterus, Dentex filamentosus.[6]
Ornate threadfin bream (Nemipterus hexodon) is often eaten deep-fried in Thai cuisine
Fork-tailed threadfin bream (Nemipterus furcosus) from off New Caledonia
Genera
Nemipteridae contains the following genera (including about 77 species):[7][8]
Nemipterus Swainson, 1839
Parascolopsis Boulenger, 1901
Pentapodus Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
Scaevius Whitley, 1947
Scolopsis Cuvier, 1814
Characteristics
Nemipteridae species are characterised by having a continuous dorsal fin which is supported by 10 spines and 9 soft rays while the anal fin is supported by 3 spines and 7 or 8 soft rays. In some species there is long filament growing out of the upper lobe of the caudal fin.[4] Some species, especially in Scolopsis are protogynous hermaphrodites. These fishes vary in size from the redfin dwarf monocle bream (Parascolopsis boesemani), with a maximum published standard length of 17 cm (6.7 in), to the monogrammed monocle bream (Scolopsis monogramma) which has a maximum published total length of 38 cm (15 in).[7]
Distribution, habitat and biology
Nemipteridae fishes are found in the Indo-West Pacific.[7] Two species, Nemipterus japonicus[9] and Nemipterus randalli have reached the Mediterranean Sea from the Red Sea, likely by Lessepsian migration through the Suez Canal.[10] These are typically predatory fish feeding on benthic animals including fishes, crustaceans, polychaetes and cephalopods, however, some feed on zooplankton.[7]
Utilisation
Nemipteridae fishes are important parts of the catches of commercial and artisinal fisheries in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. They are not normally found in the aquarium trade.[7]
References
Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
Regan, C.T. (1913). "The classification of the percoid fishes". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Series 8. 12 (67): 111–145. doi:10.1080/00222931308693379.
Kent E. Carpenter and G. David Johnson (2002). "A phylogeny of sparoid fishes (Perciformes, Percoidei) based on morphology". Ichthyological Research. 49 (2): 114–127. Bibcode:2002IchtR..49..114C. doi:10.1007/s102280200015. S2CID 14020678.
Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
Ricardo Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017). "Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17 (162): 162. Bibcode:2017BMCEE..17..162B. doi:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3. PMC 5501477. PMID 28683774.
"Order SPARIFORMES: Families LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Nemipteridae". FishBase. June 2023 version.
Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Nemipteridae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
D. Golani & O. Sonin (2006). "The Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus, a new Indo-Pacific fish in the Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Fish Biology. 68 (3): 940–943. Bibcode:2006JFBio..68..940G. doi:10.1111/j.0022-1112.2006.00961.x.
S. Lelli; F. Colloca; P. Carpentieri; B. C. Russell (2008). "The threadfin bream Nemipterus randalli (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea". Journal of Fish Biology. 73 (3): 740–745. Bibcode:2008JFBio..73..740L. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01962.x.
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