Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Characiformes
Familia: Characidae
Subfamiliae: Pristellinae
Genus: Moenkhausia
Species (83): M. abyss – M. affinis – M. agnesae – M. alesis – M. atahualpiana – M. aurantia – M. barbouri – M. bonita – M. britskii – M. browni – M. calliura – M. ceros – M. chrysargyrea – M. collettii – M. comma – M. conspicua – M. copei – M. cosmops – M. costae – M. cotinho – M. crisnejas – M. dasalmas – M. diamantina – M. dichroura – M. diktyota – M. doceana – M. dorsinuda – M. eigenmanni – M. georgiae – M. goya – M. gracilima – M. grandisquamis – M. hasemani – M. heikoi – M. hemigrammoides – M. hysterosticta – M. icae – M. inrai – M. intermedia – M. ischyognatha – M. jamesi – M. justae – M. lata – M. latissima – M. lepidura – M. levidorsa – M. lineomaculata – M. lopesi – M. loweae – M. margitae – M. megalops – M. melogramma – M. metae – M. miangi – M. mikia – M. moisae – M. monicae – M. mutum – M. naponis – M. newtoni – M. nigromarginata – M. oligolepis – M. orteguasae – M. ovalis – M. pankilopteryx – M. parecis – M. petymbuaba – M. phaeonota – M. pittieri – M. pyrophthalma – M. robertsi – M. sanctaefilomenae – M. schultzi – M. shideleri – M. simulata – M. sthenosthoma – M. surinamensis – M. takasei – M. tergimacula – M. tridentata – M. uirapuru – M. venerei – M. xinguensis
Name
Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903
Type species: Tetragonopterus xinguensis ♀ Steindachner, 1882. Type by original designation (also monotypic).
Etymology: –ia (= belonging to): William J. Moenkhaus, Eigenmann’s colleague at Indiana University, formerly of the Museu Paulista in São Paulo, Brazil. (From The ETYFish Project)
Synonyms
Opisthanodus Ahl, 1935. [Type species: Opisthanodus haerteli Ahl, 1935.]
Ramirezella Fernández-Yépez, 1946. [Also synonym of Hemigrammus Gill, 1858. Type species: Ramirezella newboldi Fernández-Yépez, 1949.]
References
Bertaco, V. A., Jerep, F. C. & Carvalhom, F. R. 2011. A new characid fish, Moenkhausia aurantia (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), from the upper rio Tocantins basin in Central Brazil. Zootaxa 2934: 29–38. Preview (PDF)
Eigenmann, C.H. 1903. New genera of South American fresh-water fishes, and new names for old genera. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 45: 144–148. Reference page.
de Lima, F.C.T. & Soares, I.M. 2018. A new Moenkhausia (Actinopterygii: Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Negro basin, Brazil. Zootaxa 4461(1): 69–76. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4461.1.4 Paywall Reference page.
Mariguela, T.C., Benine, R.C., Abe, K.T., Avelino, G.S. & Oliveira, C. 2013. Molecular phylogeny of Moenkhausia (Characidae) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 51(4): 327–332. DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12025 Reference page.
Marinho, M.M.F. & Langeani, F. 2010. A new species of Moenkhausia from the rio Amazonas and rio Orinoco basins (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa 2577: 57–68. Preview (PDF)
Petrolli, M.G. & Benine, R.C. 2015. Description of three new species of Moenkhausia (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with the definition of the Moenkhausia jamesi species complex. Zootaxa 3986(4): 401–420. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.4.1. Preview (PDF) Reference page.
Links
Moenkhausia and its species (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2022. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Moenkhausia species list in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2022. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 08/2021.
Moenkhausia is a genus of freshwater fish in the family Characidae native to tropical and subtropical South America. These are medium-sized tetras where the largest species only reach around 12 cm (4.7 in).[1]
The diamond tetra and red-eye tetra, which are commonly kept in aquaria, are members of this genus.[2][3]
Species
There are currently 90 recognized species in this genus:
Moenkhausia abyss G. D. de Oliveira & Marinho, 2016 [4]
Moenkhausia affinis Steindachner, 1915
Moenkhausia agnesae Géry, 1965
Moenkhausia alesis Petrolli & Benine, 2015 [5]
Moenkhausia atahualpiana (Fowler, 1907)
Moenkhausia aurantia Bertaco, Jerep & F. R. de Carvalho, 2011 [6]
Moenkhausia australe C. H. Eigenmann, 1908 [7]
Moenkhausia barbouri C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia bellasomniosa Soares, Lima, Bastos & Rapp Py-Daniel, 2019 [8]
Moenkhausia bonita Benine, R. M. C. Castro & Sabino, 2004
Moenkhausia britskii Azevedo-Santos & Benine, 2016 [7]
Moenkhausia browni C. H. Eigenmann, 1909
Moenkhausia calliura (C. G. E. Ahl, 1931) [9]
Moenkhausia celibela Marinho & Langeani, 2010 [10]
Moenkhausia ceros C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia chlorophthalma L. M. de Sousa, Netto-Ferreira & Birindelli, 2010 [11]
Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Günther, 1864)
Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner, 1882)
Moenkhausia comma C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia conspicua I. M. Soares & Bührnheim, 2016 [12]
Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner, 1882)
Moenkhausia cosmops F. C. T. Lima, Britski & Machado, 2007
Moenkhausia costae (Steindachner, 1907)
Moenkhausia cotinho C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia crisnejas N. E. Pearson, 1929
Moenkhausia dasalmas Bertaco, Jerep & F. R. de Carvalho, 2011 [13]
Moenkhausia diamantina Benine, R. M. C. Castro & A. C. A. Santos, 2007
Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858)
Moenkhausia diktyota F. C. T. Lima & Toledo-Piza, 2001
Moenkhausia dorsinuda Zarske & Géry, 2002
Moenkhausia eigenmanni Géry, 1964
Moenkhausia eurystaenia Marinho, 2010 [14]
Moenkhausia forestii Benine, Mariguela & C. de Oliveira, 2009
Moenkhausia gracilima C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia grandisquamis (J. P. Müller & Troschel, 1845)
Moenkhausia hasemani C. H. Eigenmann, 1917
Moenkhausia heikoi Géry & Zarske, 2004
Moenkhausia hemigrammoides Géry, 1965
Moenkhausia hysterosticta P. H. F. Lucinda, L. R. Malabarba & Benine, 2007
Moenkhausia icae C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia inrai Géry, 1992
Moenkhausia intermedia C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia ischyognatha Petrolli & Benine, 2015 [5]
Moenkhausia jamesi C. H. Eigenmann, 1908 [5]
Moenkhausia justae C. H. Eigenmann, 1908 [5]
Moenkhausia lata C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia latissima C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia lepidura (Kner, 1858) [9]
Moenkhausia levidorsa Benine, 2002
Moenkhausia lineomaculata D'Agosta, Marinho & Benine, 2015 [15]
Moenkhausia lopesi Britski & de Silimon, 2001
Moenkhausia loweae Géry, 1992
Moenkhausia margitae Zarske & Géry, 2001
Moenkhausia megalops (C. H. Eigenmann, 1907)
Moenkhausia melogramma C. H. Eigenmann, 1908
Moenkhausia metae C. H. Eigenmann, 1922
Moenkhausia miangi Steindachner, 1915
Moenkhausia mikia Marinho & Langeani, 2010 [16]
Moenkhausia moisae Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1995
Moenkhausia monicae Marinho, D'Agosta, Camelier & F. C. T. Lima, 2016 [17]
Moenkhausia mutum D'Agosta & Marinho, 2016 [18]
Moenkhausia naponis J. E. Böhlke, 1958
Moenkhausia newtoni Travassos, 1964
Moenkhausia nigromarginata W. J. E. M. Costa, 1994
Moenkhausia oligolepis (Günther, 1864)
Moenkhausia orteguasae Fowler, 1943
Moenkhausia ovalis (Günther, 1868)
Moenkhausia pankilopteryx Bertaco & P. H. F. Lucinda, 2006
Moenkhausia parecis Ohara & Marinho, 2016 [19]
Moenkhausia petymbuaba F. C. T. Lima & Birindelli, 2006
Moenkhausia phaeonota W. L. Fink, 1979
Moenkhausia pirauba Zanata, Birindelli & C. L. R. Moreira, 2010 [20]
Moenkhausia pittieri C. H. Eigenmann, 1920
Moenkhausia plumbea L. M. de Sousa, Netto-Ferreira & Birindelli, 2010 [11]
Moenkhausia pyrophthalma W. J. E. M. Costa, 1994
Moenkhausia robertsi Géry, 1964
Moenkhausia rubra Pastana & D'Agosta, 2014 [21]
Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae (Steindachner, 1907)
Moenkhausia schultzi Fernández-Yépez, 1950
Moenkhausia shideleri C. H. Eigenmann, 1909
Moenkhausia simulata (C. H. Eigenmann, 1924)
Moenkhausia sthenosthoma Petrolli & Benine, 2015 [5]
Moenkhausia surinamensis Géry, 1965
Moenkhausia takasei Géry, 1964
Moenkhausia tergimacula Z. M. S. de Lucena & C. A. S. de Lucena, 1999
Moenkhausia tridentata Holly, 1929
Moenkhausia uirapuru Ohara & F. C. T. Lima, 2015 [22]
Moenkhausia venerei Petrolli, Azevedo-Santos & Benine, 2016 [23]
Moenkhausia vittata (Castelnau, 1855) [24]
Moenkhausia xinguensis (Steindachner, 1882)
References
Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2017). Species of Moenkhausia in FishBase. March 2017 version.
SeriouslyFish: Moenkhausia pittieri. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
SeriouslyFish: Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
Oliveira, G.D. & Marinho, M.M.F. (2016): A new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes, Characidae) from the rio Amazonas basin, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4093 (4): 566–574.
Petrolli, M.G. & Benine, R.C. (2015): Description of three new species of Moenkhausia (Teleostei, Characiformes, Characidae) with the definition of the Moenkhausia jamesi species complex. Zootaxa, 3986 (4): 401–420.
Bertaco, V.A., Jerep, F.C. & Carvalho, F.R. (2011): A new characid fish, Moenkhausia aurantia (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), from the upper rio Tocantins basin in Central Brazil. Zootaxa, 2934: 29-38.
Azevedo-Santos, V.M. & Benine, R.C. (2016): A new species of Moenkhausia (Characiformes, Characidae) from the Içá River, Amazon Basin, northern Brazil. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 92 (2): 203–209.
Soares, Isabel M.; Lima, Flávio C. T.; Bastos, Douglas A.; Py-Daniel, Lucia H. Rapp (2019-05-01). "A New Species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes, Characidae) from the Upper Rio Negro Basin, Brazil". Copeia. 107 (2): 232–238. doi:10.1643/CI-18-149. ISSN 0045-8511.
Marinho, M.M.F. & Langeani, F. (2016): Reconciling more than 150 years of taxonomic confusion: the true identity of Moenkhausia lepidura, with a key to the species of the M. lepidura group (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa, 4107 (3): 338-352.
Marinho, M.M.F. & Langeani, F. (2010): Moenkhausia celibela: a new species from the Amazon basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 77 (4): 879–889.
Sousa, L.M., Netto-Ferreira, A.L. & Birindelli, J.L.O. (2010): Two new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Northern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8 (2): 255-264.
Soares, I.M. & Bührnheim, C.M. (2016): A new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann, 1903 (Characiformes: Characidae) from Amazon basin, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4208 (4): 392-400.
Bertaco, V.A., Jerep, F.C. & Carvalho, F.R. (2011): New species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Ostariophysi: Characidae) from the upper rio Tocantins basin in Central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9 (1): 57-63.
Marinho, M.M.F. (2010): A new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Xingu basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 8 (3): 655-659.
Dagosta, F.C.P., Marinho, M.M.F. & Benine, R.C. (2015): A new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Juruena basin, Central Brazi. Zootaxa, 4032 (4): 417–425.
Marinho, M.M.F. & Langeani, F. (2010): A new species of Moenkhausia from the rio Amazonas and rio Orinoco basins (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa, 2577: 57–68.
Marinho, M.M.F., Dagosta, F.C.P., Camelier, P. & Lima, F.C.T. (2016): Description of a New Species of Moenkhausia (Characiformes, Characidae) from the Upper Rio Tapajós Basin, Brazil. Copeia, 104 (1): 243-249.
Dagosta, F.C.P. & Marinho, M.M.F. (2016): A new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Arinos basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (2): e150052.
Ohara, W.M. & Marinho, M.M.F. (2016): A new species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from the upper rio Machado at Chapada dos Parecis, rio Madeira basin, Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (1): e150041.
Zanata, A.M., Birindelli, J.L.O. & Moreira, C.R. (2010): New species of Moenkhausia Eigenmann (Characiformes: Characidae) from Rio Xingu and Rio Tapajós basins, Brazil, with comments on a putative case of polymorphic Batesian mimicry. Journal of Fish Biology, 75 (10): 2615–2628.
Pastana, M.N.L. & Dagosta, F.C.P. (2014): Moenkhausia rubra, a new species from rio Juruena, upper rio Tapajós basin, Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (2): 389-396.
Ohara, W.M. & Lima, F.C.T. (2015): Moenkhausia uirapuru, a new species from the upper rio Guaporé, Chapada dos Parecis, Mato Grosso, Brazil (Teleostei: Characidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 26 (2): 159-170.
Petrolli, M.G., Azevedo-Santos, V.M. & Benine, R.C. (2016): Moenkhausia venerei (Characiformes: Characidae), a new species from the rio Araguaia, Central Brazil. Zootaxa, 4105 (2): 159–170.
Silva, P.C. & Malabarba, L.R. (2016): Rediscovery of the holotype of Tetragonopterus vittatus Castelnau 1855, a senior synonym of Moenkhausia doceana (Steindachner 1887) (Characiformes: Characidae). Zootaxa, 4132 (2): 269–271.
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