Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Cladus: Opisthokonta
Cladus: Holozoa
Regnum: Animalia
Subregnum: Eumetazoa
Cladus: Bilateria
Cladus: Nephrozoa
Superphylum: Deuterostomia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Megaclassis: Osteichthyes
Superclassis/Classis: Actinopterygii
Classis/Subclassis: Actinopteri
Subclassis/Infraclassis: Neopterygii
Infraclassis: Teleostei
Megacohors: Osteoglossocephalai
Supercohors: Clupeocephala
Cohors: Otomorpha
Subcohors: Ostariophysi
Sectio: Otophysa
Ordo: Siluriformes
Familia: Malapteruridae
Genera (2): Malapterurus – Paradoxoglanis
Name
Malapteruridae Bleeker, 1858: 39 [as Malapterurini]
References
Bleeker, P. 1858: De heer Bleeker brengt nog ter tafel het eerste deel van eene ichthyologiae Archipelagi Indici Prodromus.... Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië, 16: 38–41. BHL
Links
Malapteruridae and its species in FishBase,
Froese, R. & Pauly, D. (eds.) 2024. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication, www.fishbase.org, version 02/2024.
Genera of Malapteruridae (including synonyms) in Catalog of Fishes, Eschmeyer, W.N., Fricke, R. & van der Laan, R. (eds.) 2024. Catalog of Fishes electronic version.
Vernacular names
Deutsch: Elektrische Welse
English: Electric catfish
español: peces gato eléctricos
日本語: デンキナマズ科
Electric catfish or Malapteruridae is a family of catfishes (order Siluriformes). This family includes two genera, Malapterurus and Paradoxoglanis, with 21 species.[1] Several species of this family have the ability to generate electricity, delivering a shock of up to 350 volts from its electric organ.[2] Electric catfish are found in tropical Africa and the Nile River.[3] Electric catfish are usually nocturnal and carnivorous.[2] Some species feed primarily on other fish, incapacitating their prey with electric discharges,[2] but others are generalist bottom foragers, feeding on things like invertebrates, fish eggs, and detritus.[4] The largest can grow to about 1.2 meters (3 ft) long, but most species are far smaller.[5][6]
Description
Section of an electric catfish, showing the electric organ
The Malapteruridae are the only group of catfish with well-developed electrogenic organs; however, electroreceptive systems are widespread in catfishes.[7] The electrogenic organ is derived from anterior body musculature and lines the body cavity.[3] Electric catfish do not have dorsal fins or fin spines. They have three pairs of barbels (the nasal pair is absent).[3] The swim bladder has elongate posterior chambers, two chambers in Malapterurus and three in Paradoxoglanis.[3]
Malapterurus have been conditioned by means of reward to discharge on signal. As reported in the New York Times, April 2, 1967, a researcher, Dr. Frank J. Mandriota of City College, New York, conditioned an M. electricus to discharge on a light signal for a reward of live worms delivered automatically. This is the first conditioning that modified neither glandular nor muscular responses.
The largest can grow to about 1.2 meters (3 ft) and 20 kg (44 lb).[2][3][5] Most Malapterurus and all Paradoxoglanis species are much smaller, reaching less than 30 cm (1 ft) long.[3][5][6]
Relationship to humans
Further information: Electroreception and electrogenesis
Electric catfish (centre) in Mastaba of Ti bas-relief, Saqqara, ancient Egypt[8]
The electric catfish of the Nile was well known to the ancient Egyptians.[9] The Egyptians reputedly used the electric shock from them when treating arthritis pain.[10] They would use only smaller fish, as a large fish may generate an electric shock from 300 to 400 volts. The Egyptians depicted the fish in their mural paintings and elsewhere;[9] the first known depiction of an electric catfish is on a slate palette of the predynastic Egyptian ruler Narmer about 3100 BC.[7][8]
An account of its electric properties was given by an Arab physician Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi of the 12th century; then as now, the fish was known by the suggestive name of الرعد el raad, which means "thunder".[9]
The shock of these catfish is used to stun prey and in defense. It is not known to be fatal to humans,[2] but large electric catfish can stun an adult person.[10] In small electric catfish, the generated current is far less and only feels like a tingle to humans.[10]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Malapterurus electricus.
Ferraris, Carl J. Jr. (2007). "Checklist of catfishes, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1418: 1–628. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
Ng, Heok Hee (2000). "Malapterurus electricus". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2007-07-28.
Nelson, Joseph S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-25031-7.
Moelants, T. (2010). "Malapterurus microstoma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T181680A7703373. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T181680A7703373.en.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Malapterurus". FishBase. March 2017 version.
Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Paradoxoglanis". FishBase. March 2017 version.
Howes, George J. (1985). "The phylogenetic relationships of the electric catfish family Malapteruridae (Teleostei: Siluroidei)". Journal of Natural History. 19: 37–67. doi:10.1080/00222938500770031.
Kellaway, Peter (July 1946). "The Part Played by Electric Fish in the Early History of Bioelectricity and Electrotherapy". Bulletin of the History of Medicine. 20 (2): 112–137.
Boulenger, George Albert (1911). "Cat-fish" . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 512–515.
"Malapterurus electricus". ScotsCat. 3 April 2013. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
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